Friday, August 29, 2008

New Egyptian Gallery at the British Museum to Open in Winter

Art Daily

This is very exciting news. The Nebamun paintings are famous for their delicate beauty, the best known of which is shown to the right. To see more of the Nebamun paintings go to the British Museum Collection Database and type in "Nebamun". To see a large version of the image to the right click on the image, which will take you to the dedicated page on the British Museum website, where there is also a full description.

This winter the British Museum will open a new Ancient Egyptian gallery centered round the spectacular painted tomb-chapel of Nebamun. The paintings are some of the most famous images of Egyptian art, and come from the now lost tomb-chapel of Nebamun, an accountant in the Temple of Amun at Karnak who died c. 1350 BC, a generation or so before Tutankhamun. They show him at work and at leisure - surveying his estates and hunting in the marshes. An extensive conservation project – the largest in the Museum’s history – has been undertaken on the eleven large fragments which will go on public display for the first time in nearly ten years.

The tomb-paintings were acquired by the Museum in the 1820s and were constantly on display until the late 1990s. Since then, the fragile wall-paintings have been meticulously conserved, securing them for at least the next fifty years. The project has provided numerous new insights into the superb technique of the painters called by one art-historian ‘antiquity’s equivalent to Michelangelo’ - with their exuberant compositions, astonishing depictions of animal life and unparalleled handling of textures. New research and scholarship have enabled new joins to be made between the fragments, allowing a better understanding of their original locations in the tomb. They will now be re-displayed together for the first time in a setting designed to recreate their original aesthetic impact and to evoke their original position in a small intimate chapel. The gallery will include another fragment for the same tomb-chapel on loan from the Egyptian Museum, Berlin. Drawing on the latest research and fieldwork at Luxor, a computer ‘walk-through’ of the reconstructed tomb-chapel will be available in gallery with an interactive version online.

See the above page for the full story.

Answer to my Gilf Kebir translation request

Thanks very much to Phil Durbidge who answered my plea for help re translating a page. He used Google Translate to decipher it. It didn't even occur to me to try a translation engine because they are usually so dire, but I will keep a more open mind in the future! Here's what Phil's attempts on my behalf produced, for anyone else who shares an interest (I've left it exactly as Google Translate produced it):

In autumn 2008 the first Czech scientific expedition into the depths of the Western desert, in the area is still little known Gilf the Kebíru (south-western edge of the territory of today's Egypt). Hence comes the ancient monuments of indigenous peoples Sahara, who finally settle the Nile valley, and participated in the birth of ancient Egyptian civilization. The aim will be to map these sites and study the natural environment, geology and geomorphology.

The expedition is planned for 21 days and will participate Czech experts many scientific focus.

The expedition is funded partly from sources GA Czech Republic, part of the donation of private sponsors - the sponsorship.

There is still sháníme means to purchase goods off-road vehicle with a value of 800 000, -.

This expedition is one of the official events held on the occasion of the celebration of fifty years of existence Czech Institute of Egyptology Charles University.

Media partner for the project is the National Geographic Czech Republic.

Digitizing Egypt's memory

Egypt Daily Star News

Now people around the world interested in the different eras of Egypt's heritage can access information and download pictures online, through the new e-shop www.egyptmemory.com.

Yesterday IBM organized a media conference in cooperation with the Egyptian Center for Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage (CULTNAT) of Bibliotheca Alexandrina at the Smart Village to launch the website.

Through the conference, professor Fathi Saleh, CULTINAT director, engineer Amr Ghoneim, IBM general manager, and engineer Hania Saleh, CULTINAT project coordinator, introduced the website and gave a slide show presentation to help attendees to understand their ideas and objectives.

The website gives users around the world the opportunity to purchase pictures relating to Egyptian history and society in different eras: Pharaonic, Roman, Coptic and Islamic.

The website also provides publications, namely books and CDs, such as the “Atlas of Archeological Sites,” “Guide to the Plants of Ancient Egypt,” “Encyclopedia of Great Arab Music Figures” and “Thesaurus of Egyptian Folklore.”

The material from Egypt Memory’s mainly come from www.eternalegypt.org, which was launched earlier in cooperation between CULTNAT, Supreme Council for Antiquities and IBM.


See the above page for more details.

Exhibition: More re Queens Of Egypt in Monaco

guardian.co.uk

14-photograph slideshow from the exhibition:

Visitors to the Queens of Egypt exhibition, in Monaco, are plunged into 3,000 years of the country's history in this lavish, $4.2m show. The focus falls on the three star acts - Cleopatra, Nefertiti, Hatshepsut - but the show also looks at the role of Egypt's ancient queens as mothers, priestesses and powerful politicians. Take a sneak peek around the show ..

New Book: Philae and the End of Ancient Egyptian Religion

Dijkstra J.H.F.,
Philae and the End of Ancient Egyptian Religion. A Regional Study of Religious Transformation (298-642 CE)
Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 173

Summary:
The famous island of Philae, on Egypt's southern frontier, can be considered the last major temple site where Ancient Egyptian religion was practiced. According to the Byzantine historian Procopius, in 535-537 CE the Emperor Justinian ordered one of his generals to end this situation by destroying the island's temples. This account has usually been accepted as a sufficient explanation for the end of the Ancient Egyptian cults at Philae. Yet it is by no means unproblematic. This book shows that the event of 535-537 has to be seen in a larger context of religious transformation at Philae, which was more complex and gradual than Procopius describes it. Not only are the various Late Antique sources from and on Philae taken into account, for the first time the religious developments at Philae are also placed in a regional context by analyzing the sources from the other major towns in the region, Syene
(Aswan) and Elephantine.

Order online: http://www.peeters-leuven.be/boekoverz.asp?nr=8390



Some recent open access journal material

Ancient World Bloggers

Charles Ellwood Jones, who is almost an icon in the information sharing world, has published a list of open source material on the Ancient World Bloggers Group. The material includes items on Egypt and Nubia in Spanish, French and English. Have a look at the above page for more details.

Call for Papers - BANEA 2009

Another conference which has a particularly good theme, which should be of interest to some visitors. There's no website just yet.

BANEA 2009 - Networks of Movement in SW Asia

The next BANEA conference will be hosted by Department of Archaeology, Durham University,
8th, 9th and 10th of January 2009.

The theme, Networks of Movement in SW Asia, is intended to unite widely disparate areas of the greater Near East, and necessarily will encompass a region extending from South Asia to Egypt. Networks of movement have been fundamental to the development of society and economy in the region throughout the past 10,000 years and include systems of movement, trade, maritime and overland routes, population diasporas, and material culture. We therefore invite session and lecture titles that approximate to this theme.

The Keynote Lecture will be held on the evening of 8th January, and will be delivered by Professor Steve Mithen, University of Reading, who will report on the work of his project 'Water, Life and Civilization' which has been supported by the Leverhulme Trust.

We emphasize that Durham BANEA also welcomes sessions and lectures that are "off-theme"; for example one session will be devoted to the topic of Recent Fieldwork in the Near East.

Further details on the venue, programme, accommodation etc will be circulated in due course.
Please send suggested session or lecture titles and abstracts to:
m.r.whincop@durham.ac.uk

Due date for individual papers (as word files): November 1st 2008
Speakers should include full contact details.

As session titles will need to be finalised rather earlier than the individual lectures, the final date for receiving notification of sessions for consideration will be 1st October 2008 (again as word files). Organizers of sessions should supply the title of their session and the names of at least three speakers who have already agreed to participate to: m.r.whincop@durham.ac.uk

Graham Philip, T.J. Wilkinson, Eleanor Wilkinson, Matt Whincop

Daily Photo - More Late 18th Dynasty faience from the Petrie






UC2127



Copyright: Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology,
University College London
With my thanks




Thursday, August 28, 2008

Problems with Blogger

I have finally managed to update the blog, but it was a complete nightmare - apologies for all the test messages. I don't know whether it's the Blogger service or me. For some reason the underlying HTML of my posts was unacceptable, although I wasn't doing anything different and I couldn't see what the problem with the HTML was myself. Anyway, apologies for the odd formatting on some of the posts. I daresay I'll get to the bottom of it all eventually.

Update re Grand Museum in Cairo

Egypt State Information Service

"The second phase of establishing the new Grand Museum is nearing completion," Minister of Culture Farouk Hosni said during the press conference which he held on Monday 25/8/2008 after his meeting with the international teamwork, chaired by the British expert Stephen Grenburg who is charged with designing the Grand Egyptian Museum.

He added that the museum will be an architectural and civilizational masterpiece by all means to be added to the great works of the ancient Egyptians.

The museum is being established on 117 feddans on the Cairo-Alexandria desert road at a total cost of $300 million.

The Minister said the designs of the third phase are almost finished. “We have six months to go,” he noted.

He said the main building of the museum will be opened in 2011, adding that the museum would display up to 100,000 monuments and artifacts.


Hosni projected that up to seven million tourists would visit the museum annually after its opening.


Egypt Daily Star News

The project kicked off in February 2002 when President Hosni Mubarak lay the first brick of the foundation at the sprawling construction site.

The decision came after authorities realized the Egyptian Museum in Tahir Square, located in the heart of Cairo, was overflowing with artifacts.

“The Egyptian Museum now is so crammed with artifacts. It is going to stay but we will be relocating some artifacts,” explained Salah.

“The new museum will be able to accommodate 15,000 visitors per day. The place is breathtaking especially with the Pyramids in the background,” he added.

However, not everyone is hailing the move. Renowned Egyptian architect Mamdouh Hamza disagreed with the Ministry of Culture’s decision to build the GEM in Remaya Square, saying that the area is congested with traffic and the museum will only cause more traffic problems. The atmosphere will be inappropriate for tourists, he added, since the area is also heavily polluted.

Hamza also said that not enough studies were conducted before deciding on the location.

New Egyptian gallery at Ipswich Museum

EADT24 (John Howard)

A NEW Egyptian Gallery is being created at Ipswich Museum to display artefacts including a mummy mask, amulets and scarabs.

The Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service announced today that it has secured a £50,000 grant from the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) and the Wolfson Foundation, which will provide vital funds towards the area.

From the Mummy's Tomb gallery will involve the redevelopment of part of the building to house eight new display cases and some of the extremely important objects in the site's collection.

It will feature objects including the gilded mummy Mask of Titos Flavius Demetrios and will see the service's most significant Egyptian item, The Coffin of Lady Tahathor from Thebes, currently on display in Colchester Castle, moved to the town.

Judy Terry, Ipswich Borough Council's arts, culture and leisure portfolio holder, said: “The securing of these funds is fantastic

“The current Egyptian Gallery is one of the most popular parts of the museum with our visitors and its development is sure to be a very exciting project.


See the above page for more details. Ipswich is in the UK. The museum has its own website for anyone interested in visiting.

Exhibition: More re Queens Of Egypt in Monaco

Guardian Weekly

In the summer of 2007 the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco devoted a lavish exhibition to the memory of Princess Grace. Pursuing its policy of organising spectacular and costly summer exhibitions, the forum currently offers a show devoted to the "Queens of Egypt", which covers an area of 4,000 square metres and cost $4.2m to stage. Visitors are plunged into 3,000 years of Egyptian antiquity covering the reigns of Nefertiti, Cleopatra and many other queens. Laudably, the exhibition aims to throw new light on a little explored aspect of Egyptology: the role of women in the upper reaches of power.

In organising the show, Christine Ziegler, who was honorary chief curator of the department of Egyptian antiquities at the Louvre Museum in Paris until 2007, has tried "to construct a discourse on a complex subject that is both scholarly and intelligible to the great majority of people". Scholarly but accessible? The show strives constantly, but not always successfully, to strike a balance between the two.

While there is some sense in resorting to papier-mâché when evoking the myth of Cleopatra and Hollywood films, elsewhere the top-heavy design rather swamps the delicately wrought treasures brought together by Ziegler in her bid to bring her heroines to life. These include, in addition to other less well-known queens, Hatshepsut, whose face, painted in red on limestone, dates from 1479-1458BC; Nefertiti, whose face, sculpted in stone around 1350BC, radiates a very modern charm; and Cleopatra, immortalised as a Greek beauty, but minus her nose, in a 30BC marble.


Art Daily

With a fabulous photograph of one of the exhibits.

The exhibition starts with Cleopatra, the most popular Egyptian queen although she was actually of Greek origin. From the mythical image of Cleopatra now so familiar from films and advertising we move on to the historical figure revealed by archaeology and documents. The exhibition ends with another queen, less familiar to the general public: Queen Tausert whose tomb can now be visited in the Valley of Kings. She was the inspiration for Théophile Gautier’s well-known novel The Romance of a Mummy.

Between these two, the exhibition takes visitors on a fabulous journey of discovery through Ancient Egypt and the many facets of its royal women. First, their social status. Their titles were based on their relationship to the reigning king: they were called “mother of the king” or “wife of the king”; in some cases a pharaoh gave the title of “wife of the king” to a daughter, otherwise princesses were “daughters of the king”. Visitors are shown how the pharaoh’s close links with several generations of women probably derive from Egyptian mythology, the mother/wife/daughter association being a symbol of perpetual creation. Thus the Egyptian queens played a fundamental role in the renewal of royal power and in the pharaoh’s survival in the afterlife.

We then enter one of the most famous harems, at Gurob. Christiane Ziegler has entrusted this section to her assistant Marine Yoyotte, who is writing a doctorate thesis on the subject. The king had many secondary wives, some of whom were foreign princesses taken in marriage to strengthen alliances with neighbouring powers. Most of the royal household’s women and children lived together in institutions usually referred to as harems. A harem was both a centre of social activity and an economic hub, by no means shielded from the turbulence of political life. Echoes of palace plots hatched there from the age of the pyramids on have come down to us through the centuries.

Request for help - short translation from Czech

http://westerndesert.geolab.cz/ (third link in the left hand menu)

Whilst looking at links on the previous Bahariya post I stumbled across this page, which describes details of an expedition to the Gilf Kebir in 2008. Anyone who is a long time reader of this blog will know of my attachment to the area. However I was unaware of a Czech expedition - could someone who speaks the language give me the gist of what the above page says? I would be very grateful. It is a VERY short page and I just need an overview of what it is saying.

Thanks in advance,
Andie

Bahariya workshop

Here's another one of those conferences which I've picked out from the usual collection because it is slightly unusual. Baharaiya is the northernmost of the Western Desert oases.


Czech Institute of Egyptologyof the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague Geoinformatics Laboratory of the J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem have the pleasure of inviting you to participate in the Bahariya workshop.

2nd call for papers

The workshop will be held on 9–10 December 2008 at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, at Nám. Jana Palacha 2, Prague 1.

The workshop marks the conclusion of the second phase of the research project pursued by the Czech team in the El Hayez Oasis since 2003. The workshop shall bring together experts from different fields of science engaged in the exploration of the Bahariya Oasis and the northern part of the Western Desert of Egypt, to share and discuss the theoretical and methodological challenges of archaeological research and survey of the oases and adjacent desert areas, the results achieved so far, and the possibilities of reconstruction of the local environment and the cultural and social development in the area in prehistory as well as in historic periods.

Abstracts and contributions

Please send an abstract of your contribution by September 22, 2008. Abstracts should not exceed 150 words. Contributions should be approximately 20 minutes long with additional 10 minutes for discussion. The workshop's working languages are English (preferred), German, and French. The proceedings of the workshop shall appear in 2009.

Practical information

Accommodation will be provided for the speakers for the duration of the workshop.

Speakers participate free of charge. The registration fee for other participants and visitors is 40 EUR (20 EUR for doctoral students).

Contact information


Applications and enquiries concerning the workshop should be sent to bahariya.workshop@gmail.com

or addressed to:
Miroslav Bárta
Czech Institute of Egyptology
miroslav.barta@ff.cuni.cz
Charles University in Prague
Celetná 20

Lenka Suková
110 00 Praha 1
lenka.sukova@ff.cuni.cz
Fax. 00420221619618
http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/

Marek Dospěl
http://westerndesert.geolab.cz/
marek.dospel@ff.cuni.cz

Sad news: Maria Hopf

I am sad to report that Maria Hopf, who was born in 1914, died at the age of 94 on August 24th 2008. Anyone interested in the domestication of plants and their use in the Near East will know here name. The book Domestication of Plants of the Old World, which she co-authored with Daniel Zohary, is a classic and remains an essential resource on the subject.

Wednesday, August 27, 2008

Pharmacy and Medicine in Ancient Egypt

Oriente Antigo

Thanks to Paula Veiga for the latest details of the upcoming Pharmacy and Medicine in Ancient Egypt conference in Manchester (1st - 3rd September 2008). Details of the conference programme are available at the above page.

For other conference information see the dedicated page on the KNH Centre for Biomedical Egyptology section of the University of Manchester website.

This looks as though it is going to be a terrific conference. I wish that I could attend!

Daily Photo - freestanding block from Karnak

Many thanks to Thierry Benderitter for sending me this photograph of a lovely block from Karnak, probably from the Open Air Museum. The cartouches contain the names of Amenhotep III (Amenhotep Neb-Maat-Re).

I'll try to update the blog later today, but failing that it will have to be tomorrow. I need to drive up to town today to collect some things from a storage facility - and I'm already running late.
Reminder to self - PAY CONGESTION CHARGE.


Tuesday, August 26, 2008

Meryteti details added to OsirisNet

Thanks very much to Thierry Benderitter for letting me know that the details of the mastaba of Meryteti, son of Mereruka, are now online at the excellent OsirisNet website.

These pages were created by Jon Hirst, with photographs contributed by Jon Hirst, Christian Marais, Verety Endal and the ACE publication:


Hello,

After having released the mastaba of Mereruka some weeks ago, we can now go further into the complex with that of the mastaba of Meryteti, son of Mereruka. Though his rooms are clearly delineated from his father's, with them belonging to the same complex, many people do not even realise there are actually three different monuments in what is usually called the "Mastaba of Mereruka".

The third and last part of the complex, the mastaba of Wathekhetor, wife of Mereruka, is planned for some time in the future.

http://www.osirisnet.net/mastabas/meryteti/e_meryteti_01.htm


Bonjour,

Nous vous avons proposé voici quelques semaines de découvrir le mastaba de Mererouka.

Comme signalé à l'époque, ce monument est en fait un complexe de trois mastabas différents : celui de Mererouka lui-même, celui de son fils Meryteti, et celui de son épouse Wathekhetor, ce qui échappe le plus souvent aux visiteurs.

Nous vous proposons aujourd'hui le second volet de ce monument passionnant : le mastaba de Meryteti, fils de Mererouka.

Le troisième et dernier volet, celui de Wathekhetor, est programmé, mais il faudra attendre quelques semaines / mois.

Je n'ai pas encore eu le temps de traduire l'original en Anglais, désolé....je le ferai le plus rapidement possible (avant fin septembre, c'est promis).

http://www.osirisnet.net/mastabas/meryteti/e_meryteti_01.htm

Bonne visite

Exhibition: Queens of Egypt receives 35,000 visitors

Egypt State Information Service

The Queens of Egypt exhibition inaugurated by Mrs. Suzanne Mubarak in Monaco last month has already received more than 35,000 visitors.

The exhibition's organizers expect the number of visitors to reach 60,000 until September 10.

The exhibition, the first to be allocated to the wives, mothers and daughters of ancient Egyptian kings, occupies 4,000 square meters and showcases 250 pieces gathered from large museums in 15 world countries.

Book Review: The Secret of the Great Pyramid

Publishers Weekly

The Secret of the Great Pyramid: How One Man’s Obsession Led to the Solution of Ancient Egypt’s Greatest Mystery by Bob Brier and Jean-Pierre Houdin. Collins/ Smithsonian

Since its construction 4,500 years ago for Pharaoh Khufu, the Great Pyramid of Giza has remained an engineering mystery. According to Egyptologist Brier (The Murder of Tutankhamen) and architect Houdin, the monument was designed by Khufu’s brother Hemienu, an architectural genius, and built in two decades by 25,000 paid Egyptian construction workers. Having studied the structure minutely and using computer graphics to visualize every aspect of the pyramid and its construction, Houdin offers a radical proposal of how the huge limestone and granite blocks were raised: the pyramid was built from the inside out around a mile-long ramp corkscrewed up to the top, which remains in the pyramid’s walls.


See the above page for the remainder of the short review.

Fiction review: The End of Sleep

New Yorker

The End of Sleep, by Rowan Somerville

In this madcap picaresque, we follow Fin, an Irish journalist, as he spends a day in the streets of Cairo pursuing a story of buried treasure that he believes will restore his floundering career at an English-language newspaper there. Fin seeks a “pacy linear narrative with obvious and satisfying climaxes,” but Somerville leads us, instead, down numerous back alleys and side streets, with frequent breaks for mint tea.


See the above page for the rest of this short review.


Early use and spread of domesticated animals

It's a very slow news day today, so here are a couple of off-topic items to keep you going:

Just when
did the cows come home?

The Jerusalem Post

Until now, researchers thought that the processing, storage and use of domesticated cow, sheep and goats' milk in the Middle East and the Balkans began around 5,000 BCE. But now an international team of archeologists, including an Israeli from the Hebrew University, have concluded on the basis of milk residue in over 2,200 pottery vessels from the area that it goes back 2,000 more years.

Dr. Yossef Garfinkel of HU's archeology institute and colleagues in the UK, the US, the Netherlands, Greece, Turkey and Romania published their findings in a recent issue of Nature. The authors note that "the domestication of cattle, sheep and goats had already taken place in the Near East" by the eighth millennium BCE. "Although there would have been considerable economic and nutritional gains from using these animals for their milk and other products..., the first clear evidence for this appears much later, from the late fifth and fourth millennium. Hence, the timing and region in which milking was first practiced remain unknown."

But the scientists examined thousands of pottery vessels from the Middle East and southeastern Europe that were created seven to nine thousand years ago and found clear organic evidence that they contained milk lipids from domesticated animals.

The use of domesticated animals for milk, wool and pulling without killing them for meat "marks an important step in the history of domestication," they write. Some researchers have argued that as soon as animals are domesticated, the benefits of these products would have been exploited rapidly; others suggested that the lack of early evidence of arts, plows and milking scenes shows that domesticated animals were first exploited mostly for meat and hides.

Evidence of milk lipids on the pottery at Shikmim and Sha'ar Hagolan in Israel showed that dairy products were consumed here between the seventh and fourth millennia BCE, the article reported. The earliest use was in Turkey.

"Organic residues preserved in pottery not only extend the history, but show that milking was particularly important in areas more favorable to cattle, compared to other regions where sheep and goats were more common," they concluded.

How the first farmers colonized the Mediterranean

Visual Science

Many thanks to Jan Picton for sending this one to me. The article is accompanied by an excellent map.

The invention of agriculture was a pivotal event in human history, but archaeologists studying its origins may have made a simple error in dating the domestication of animals like sheep and goats. The signal of the process, they believed, was the first appearance in the archaeological record of smaller boned animals. But in fact this reflects just a switch to culling females, which are smaller than males, concludes Melinda Zeder, an archaeologist at the Smithsonian Institution.

Using a different criterion, that of when herds first show signs of human management, Dr. Zeder finds that goats and sheep were first domesticated about 11,000 years ago, much earlier than previously thought, with pigs and cattle following shortly afterwards. The map, from her article in the August 11 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, shows the regions and dates where the four species were first domesticated. Other dates, color-coded as to species, show where domesticated animals first appear elsewhere in the Fertile Crescent.

The earlier dates mean that animals were domesticated at much the same time as crop plants, and bear on the issue of how this ensemble of new agricultural species – the farming package known as the Neolithic revolution – spread from the Near East to Europe.

Some experts say the technology spread by cultural diffusion, others that the first farmers themselves moved into Europe, bringing their new technology with them and displacing the resident hunter gatherers.

Daily Photo - Naqada I bowl, Ashmolean Museum



Naqada I period bowl, Ashmolean Museum

Sunday, August 24, 2008

Getty Conservation Institute to Study the Tomb of Tutankhamun

guardians.net

Many thanks to Fred Sierevogel for the above link. There are some lovely photographs of the tombs of Tutankhamun and Nefertari.

Since Carter opened the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, there have been many questions and concerns about the state of conservation of the painted scenes that decorate its walls.

In order to be sure that there is no immediate danger to them, and that all possible measures are being taken to conserve and protect this important monument for future generations, the Getty Conservation Institute has agreed to conduct a comprehensive study of the tomb.

The GCI will examine such issues as what the spots might be that have been observed in the paintings for many years. The GCI has extensive expertise in administering such critical projects, as shown by their excellent handling of the conservation of the tomb of Nefertari, which was saved through the work of the great Italian conservator, Paolo Mora.

Book Review: Cleopatra, Last Queen of Egypt

STLtoday (Allen Barra)

Cleopatra has generated more fame — in the form of poems, paintings, books, plays and films — per known fact than any woman in history. As Joyce Tyldesley phrases it in her fascinating and irresistible biography, "Cleopatra: Last Queen of Egypt," "It is clearly never going to be possible to write a conventional biography of Cleopatra."

So Tyldesley has gone ahead and written one.

An archaeologist, author ("Daughters of Isis") and popular consultant for TV shows on ancient history, Tyldesley has chosen to re-create her subject by putting together the puzzle pieces of history that surround Cleopatra's life and legend.

"With an almost complete lack of primary sources," she writes, "we cannot hope to hear Cleopatra's true voice, and we are forced to see her through secondary eyes. … Few of us would wish to be judged this way."

True, but the queen, actually Cleopatra VII, would perhaps not be displeased with the impression she has made more than 2,000 years after her death. Of course, she might have some trouble understanding her story as it has taken us so long to put it into perspective.


See the above page for the full review.

Photograph of Bagawat

PhotoPoints

An exceptional black and white photograph of Bagawat in Kharga. Here's the caption, but go to the above page to see the photograph:

The Necropolis of Bagawat is a reminder of one of the most central battles of early Christianity; the dispute over the nature of Jesus. The 5th century bishop Nestorius was exiled to Bagawat (as the village was called) for having claimed that only one of Jesus' natures had suffered on the cross; the earthly nature, not the divine.

The large extent of the Necropolis of Bagawat is the result of his and his supporters' exile. The tombs here are believed to indicate that worship of the dead was continued in a Christian style.

There are 263 mud-brick chapels climbing up a ridge, the oldest dating back two centuries before Nestorius, the last dating back to the 7th century.

Travel: Nile cruise

Vancouver Sun (Mark Angelo)

As our plane approached the town of Aswan in southern Egypt, I could see the meandering Nile below. Beyond the line of the river and the green ribbon of lush irrigated lands that paralleled it, there was nothing but the vast sands of the Sahara.

The dramatic contrast between fertile riverside lands and the emptiness of the nearby desert exemplified the fact that virtually all life here is nurtured by the river. As the Greek philosopher Herodotus so aptly said, "Egypt is a gift of the Nile."

Over the years, I've been fortunate to explore much of this great river and, on this trip, I was returning with my wife to travel the Nile by boat from Aswan to the city of Luxor.

For first time visitors to Egypt, this is the most popular part of the river where one can catch a glimpse of rural Egypt and a way of life that has changed little over the centuries. At the same time, this stretch of the Nile, once the royal route of the pharaohs, is steeped in history with many of the world's best-known attractions of antiquity.

After landing in Aswan, we headed to the stately Old Cataract Hotel, which would be our base for a couple of days before heading down river. Located on a picturesque bend in the river, the hotel is a magnificent historic structure.

Built in 1899, the Old Cataract has a fascinating history in its own right and so captivated Agatha Christie that she stayed here to write much of her book, Death on the Nile. Many of the rooms have large decks overlooking the river which, with its palm-studded islands and granite outcroppings, is at its most beautiful. The sunsets from the hotel lounge are also legendary!

Minister of Culture: If an Arab headed UNESCO, reconciliation will be established

Egypt State Information Service

Egyptian Minister of Culture Farouk Hosni candidate for the post of General Director of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) said that if an Arab personal headed the UNESCO this will contribute in finding a formula for reconciliation between East and West, especially in light of current problems.

He said that Islam is always accused by the west and there is always an East-West kind of battles and therefore I believe that if an Arab personal headed the UNESCO reconciliation can be achieved.

He said that he wants to convert UNESCO to a public organization and not just for the elite to serve the people, adding that we have to look at the organization as an entity to carry reforms in the ideas and vision of the organization to face the challenges.

He added that there are humanitarian challenges facing the Organization thus there is a need to implement a program of reconciliation among religions as all the divine religions are experiencing problems and there is also a reconciliation of man and nature.

He praised the efforts by the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Higher Education to support his candidature for the post, saying that the Foreign Ministry made a wonderful effort and also the Ministry of Higher Education in contacting with UNESCO.

Travel: The Art of the Daytrip

Financial Times UK (Rahul Jacob)

When Florence Nightingale visited Abu Simbel in 1850, she was so moved by the sight of the four colossi of Ramses II that she returned a couple of times at dawn to look at them again. “The figures are clumsy ... excessively short from thigh to knee, the legs like posts. Yet no one would say that those faces were expressionless ... they will live in [the traveller’s] memory as the sublimest expression of spiritual and intellectual repose he has ever seen.” Nightingale’s experience of multiple visits to the site of the temples of Ramses II and his queen Nefertari was akin to a religious conversion. As the boat pulled away from Abu Simbel, “Our eyes were full of sand and tears,” she wrote.

Give or take that in the 1960s the temples have been moved about 200m behind and 61m above their original site in order to escape the rising waters of Lake Nasser – nothing about this extraordinary monument has changed, and yet everything has changed.

In the age of Airbus, Abu Simbel has become the ultimate day-trippers’ destination – an extreme example of the “been there, done that” tempo of our travel. Depart, say, by the EgyptAir 10:10am shuttle from Aswan and about 40 minutes later you will arrive in Abu Simbel, where a free bus takes you to the temples. Soon enough you will find yourself in front of the daunting statues with which Ramses II intended to intimidate his Nubian enemies coming into Egypt. It is quite a shock-and-awe campaign, even millennia later.


See the above page for the full story.

Daily Photo - Predynastic figurine from the Petrie

UC15155. Pottery figure of beak-faced woman wearing long white dress from above breasts to ankels-red slip portraying bare flesh- arms raised (but both missing) -feet missing. Broken at waist and repaired. 16.5cms. Naqada I (3500BCE-4000BCE).





Copyright: Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology,
University College London
With my thanks

Friday, August 22, 2008

More re Manchester mummies

Thanks very much to Bob Partridge (editor of Ancient Egypt magazine) for copying me in on an update re the Manchester mummies. As I reported on on August 4th the Manchester mummies, which were covered up in May pending the outcome of a consultation re the public display of bodies, have now been uncovered. The reaction to the act of covering the mummies was immense and inspired some very useful discussion. A massive 85% of people wished to see the mummies back on display. The Museum's blog alone now has over 150 comments in response to this issue, many of them quite lengthy. The subject engaged the interest of everyone from professionals to visitors. Some of the responses were very strongly expressed.

Bob says that the Mummy of Khary (the one showing, as the Museum described it "apparent genitalia" has been uncovered and is now displayed as before. The mummy of Asru now has her head and feet uncovered, though her hands are covered.

The rare and beautifully preserved child mummy has been returned to Styonyhurst College, as it was on loan to the museum.

The debate on the subject of displaying the dead still continues and it is still possible to post comments on the Manchester Museum web site and to write to the museum in support of their action and the way the mummies are now displayed:
http://egyptmanchester.wordpress.com/2008/05/06/covering-the-mummies/

Bob himself has posted a response on the Manchester Museum blog supporting the Museum's decision but asking some questions about the covering of Asru's hands and the ultimate fate of the child mummy. Here's an extract, but do see Bob's post for the entire comment:

I am now pleased to see that the Museum has reacted to the many comments made both in the museum and on the museum’s web site and that two of the mummies have now been uncovered, reverting almost to the way they were displayed before.

The museum is still asking for public feedback, which is good and there is the implication that the display might still change depending on the reaction. I have one concern here, in that people tend not to necessarily comment or react to displays that they are happy with and that any feed-back received from now on, might be biased in favour of those who do not like mummies on display.

Personally I would like to see than hands of Asru uncovered if at all possible, for, with no suitable explanation, or photo of the mummy on display, it is clear from my recent visit to the museum that visitors are now wondering what the large lump under the wrappings are (Asru’s hands are in front of her body, but few visitors will know this).

I also think it is a great shame that the museum has now lost the child mummy from Stoneyhurst College.

Zahi Hawass lecture - notes by Paul Rymer

Thanks SO much to Paul Rymer, who has very kindly sent me his notes from the August 19th Zahi Hawass lecture at the O2 Bubble complex in Greenwich, where the Tutankhamun exhibition has been running. Paul's notes are excellent, and here's what he has to say:

The event was sold out, with a massive queue snaking around the Dome.

I was one of the minority with a reserved seat in the front stalls - all the people around me were expecting something a bit more academic.

We were treated to a video about Hatchepsut (edited highlights from the recent documentary), and then another general one of Hawass "highlights" before the man himself came to the podium.

Zahi is a fast talker! He managed to pitch things just about right - there were a lot of kids in the audience and I gather a lot of people with just a general interest in AE. He gave enough away to make it worthwhile for those who are committed to detail, but frustratingly one lady dominated the Q&A session, which he cut short.

New information:

Zahi and the team he first worked with at Saqqara have been clearing space in the VOK that has not been explored before. They have found two tomb entrances. The first found was near the tomb of Merneptah and is of Ramesside style. The tomb entrance here is being designated KV64. The slides that came with this part of the talk were new to me; this dig is not really in the area people speculated it was (judging from online pics) the other dig (nearer KV62/63) is the really interesting one. Zahi's team found part of an ancient man made wall, and evidence that debris from the Pharonic period had been dumped there (he mentioned this was the situation with Tut's tomb - it had been undiscovered because the area had been covered over and used.

The second tomb entrance is of 18th Dynasty style. I expected him to mention Tuthmosis II but he said he is expecting it to be someone related to Tut or Nefertiti. Some debris found in the clearance included mention of a queen so far not known to Egyptology (so he said!). A slide was VERY briefly shown of a fragment of something beige in colour with glphs on it. I meant to ask Zahi for the name of this queen (which he deliberately did not mention I'm sure) but did not have the chance. He said (as he has in prior interviews) that there are many tombs so far not identified - where are the Queens?

The implication was that Zahi's team think they have something new as the 21st Dynasty tomb restorers would not have been able to get to the tombs under the debris (some slides of massive boulders being moved were shown). Another slide showed a badly eroded staircase going down a slope; he used the phrase "up down" - KV65 is the tomb he is talking about in the guardians.net interview - the wording implies that there may be a third tomb - there is not. I think he means it is up the other side of the Valley and the stairs go down the Valley side.

Confusing. Graffitio and fragments have been found dating that site to Dynasty 18; the location and style of stairs indicate late Dynasty 18.

DNA Testing:

This has started to throw up some interesting results. Zahi now seems much less certain that the KV55 body is Akhenaten; he said it could be the son or grandson of Amenhotep III. He also said Tut could be the son of Amenhotep III not the KV55 body (he said Akhenaten but that's what he meant).

Of the fetuses he said one may be male - results to be published soon.

A lady in the audience was very persisitent asking detailed questions about the DNA testing - but nothing really new was forthcoming except that Zahi said they are working with definite identities (Yuya and Tuya plus Tut and AIII) and are filling in the gaps. The fetuses are crucial in this; in theory they should have some DNA from all, plus Nefertiti and Akhensamun. Apparently no question that Tut and Amenhotep III are closely related; this was interesting to me as I thought there was some doubt that his mummy had been correctly identified.

Tuthmosis 1st - definitely not the mummy that most have thought it was. Waiting for confirmation but Zahi believes Tuthmosis I to be the unidentified mummy with the very deformed face (been trying to find an image - he looks like a mummified caricature of Jimmy Hill with a very bad skin condition - almost looks like he's made of stone). Zahi said the mummy was found near the tomb of Seti II or Siptah, then corrected himself (and I can't now remember which way round it was).

Giza:

Three teams are in competition, working on projects to present ideas to Zahi to resolve problems relating to the various inaccessible areas of the Great Pyramid. Once Zahi has decided which team can do the best job plans will be made to investigate the unseen areas. Zahi sees the GP as a puzzle and it is his intention to find the key. There will be a documentary following the work of the robotics teams on the project.



Paul added that much of what he talked about was on his site already, in the interview on Hawass’s own site at:
http://guardians.net/spotlite/spotlite-hawass-2008.htm

Paul also says that thread below at Glyphdoctors shows where KV65 is being excavated. It's an old thread but the photos are worth another look considering what Dr. Hawass has talked about in the last few weeks. You will need to register for Glyphdoctors to read this thread if you are not already registered:
http://www.glyphdoctors.com/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=2156

X-ray fails to identify metal object in 1708-year-old body

BirminghamMail.net (Chris Henwood)

A MUMMY murder mystery got Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery bosses scratching their heads.

The 1,708-year-old mummified body of a man, believed to be in his mid-30s, is set to go back on show at the Chamberlain Square museum this month after extensive tests failed to shed light on a mysterious metal object lodged in the back of its neck.

The Graeco Roman mummy underwent X-rays and conservation work, but museum bosses are now thinking of sending it for a CAT scan to find out more.

Deborah Cane, Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery’s collections care officer, said: “We believed it had an arrow in the back of the neck and it does have something metallic there, but we’re not sure what it is.

“The scans also revealed he was very healthy, so no indication as to why he died. We’re hoping to do a CAT scan of the head to get a 3D image of the metallic object that could reveal its shape, and if an arrow head, then potentially the cause of death.”

The elaborately-bandaged specimen, with gilt terracotta studs, was donated to the museum in the 1920s by Albert Phillips, a bedstead maker from Birmingham who travelled to the Middle East.


See the above page for the full story.

More re tidying up the Giza Plateau

Al Ahram Weekly (Nevine El-Aref)

With photographs.

Who has not heard cries of complaint from visitors to the Pyramids of the confusion of ticket buying, the persistence of touts foisting horse and camel rides on tourists and the lack of toilets? All that is about to change. For once the Giza Plateau, the icon of the world's historical treasures, is in the limelight for a reason that has nothing to do with a conflict over a road, or a new discovery, or restoration work. This time it concerns the completion of the first phase of a site management plan that will serve the twin goals of establishing a suitable visitor reception centre and preserving the site from the inherent dangers of mass tourism.

Last week Minister of Culture Farouk Hosni and Zahi Hawass, secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA), embarked on an official tour of the Giza Plateau to inaugurate the first phase of the project and inspect the progress of the work on the second and third phases.


See the above page for the full story.

New Standards On Collecting Of Archaeological Material, Ancient Art

Huliq News

The American Association of Museums (AAM) today announced the establishment of standards regarding museum acquisition of archaeological material and ancient art that emphasize proper provenance of such objects and complete transparency on the part of the acquiring institutions.

The product of two years of concerted research and vetting from the museum field, Standards Regarding Archaeological Material and Ancient Art provides clear ethical guidance on collecting such material so as to discourage illicit excavation of archaeological sites or monuments. Crafted by the specially created AAM Task Force on Cultural Property the standards were approved by the AAM Board of Directors at its July meeting in Minneapolis. The complete document can be found at (insert link).

“The museum community is deeply concerned about international looting of cultural materials and the resulting destruction of sites and information,” said Ford W. Bell, AAM president. “These standards will help U.S. museums shape their policies and practices to effectively promote the preservation of our common cultural patrimony.”

The new Standards require museums to have a publicly available collections policy setting out the institution's standards for provenance — that is, history of ownership — concerning new acquisitions of archaeological material and ancient art.


See the above page for the full story.

Thursday, August 21, 2008

Daily Photo - Ankh amulet and mould at the Petrie

There's no blog update today because I am rushing up to town, but I'll update again tomorrow morning. I don't think that we're missing much - it all seems very quiet in the world of public-facing Egyptology today. Here's a rather nice pair of photos from the Petrie to keep you going - the ancient Egyptian symbol for life and life in the hereafter.



UC2093. Amulet: ankh; blue faience, with 4 stringing holes. 1.5cm long. Late Dynasty 18. Found at Amarna



UC2092. Mould: ankh. 2.9cmlong. Late Dynasty 18. Found at Amarna.

Wednesday, August 20, 2008

Satellite image of pyramids at Dashur

SpaceRef.com

Thanks very much to everyone who sent me this link, which seems to have had a wide appeal.

ISS017-E-008285 (30 May 2008) --- Pyramids of Dashur, Egypt are featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 17 crewmember on the International Space Station. While the pyramids of Giza are perhaps the most famous, there are several other ancient Egyptian royal necropolis ("city of the dead") sites situated along the Nile River and its delta.

One of these sites is located near the village of Dashur (upper right). The gray-brown built area of Dashur is surrounded by green agricultural land of the Nile Delta, which forms a distinct boundary with the tan desert to the west. It is in the desert that the monuments of the ancient rulers of Egypt are found.


See the above page for the full sized photographs (one of them high resolution) and the rest of the description.


I have always liked the amazing views offered by satellite imagery and did a couple of posts on the subject on this blog. Most of them are much more distant views than this one, showing different areas of Egypt, but if interested just click here to bring up the relevant posts.

The Giza Archives Project update

Giza Archives Project

Have a look at the above page for the latest features made available by the Giza Archives Project, which is continuing to extend its terrific resource.

Daily Photo - Decorated rim sherd from the Petrie


UC19110. Rim sherd from large red ware black fracture pottery jar with black and white running calf on blue background, painted. length 27.7 cms. Eighteenth Dynasty. Found at Luxor.


Copyright: Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology,
University College London
With my thanks


Tuesday, August 19, 2008

Inverting the pyramids

guardian.co.uk (Khaled Diab)

The quack theories about my country's history can be very entertaining, with the all-time classic being that only aliens could have constructed something as magnificent and precise as the pyramids. Astoundingly, up to 45% of people who took part in a recent survey believed that the pyramids (and Stonehenge) were physical evidence of alien life. Of course, this poll appeared in the Sun, the same newspaper which reported on an "alien army" that had been spotted over England and Wales. Some Ufologists even claim that civilisation itself was an alien import.

One man of the cloth has come up with an ingenious solution to the mystery of the pyramids which also "disproves" evolution. Maltese evangelist pastor Vince Fenech believes that dinosaurs helped build the pyramids, presumably after being domesticated. There is a certain eccentric beauty to this "Flintstones" theory: the ancient Egyptians didn't have any mechanical heavy-lifting equipment that we know of, so let's give them a biological variety.

But even when human agency behind the pyramids is acknowledged, the credit for them is disputed. The most famous alternative theory is that Israelite slaves built these colossal structures. The late Israeli prime minister, Menachem Begin, stirred up a furore in Egypt when he claimed, prior to arriving for the first official visit by an Israeli leader to Cairo, that his ancestors built the pyramids.



See the above page for the full story.

Report on Oirigins 3 colloquium at the British Museum

Ancient Egypt (Juan Jose Castillos)

Thanks to Juan Jose Castillos (Director of the Uruguayan Institute of Egyptololgy) for publishing his notes from the Origins 3 colloquium at the British Museum, which took place from July 28th to August 1st 2008. The reports are available in both English and Spanish.

Juan Jose Castillos has published many other articles and reports online at his portal:
http://www.geocities.com/juanjosecastillos/index.html


New blog: Coptic News and Archive

http://www.daralqibt.blogspot.com/

This is a new blog which deals exclusively with Coptic heritage and culture. It is hoped that it will provide a useful resource to those who are investigating Coptic heritage, an area of interest which is expanding fast. It has been compiled by Howard Middleton-Jones and myself.

There aren't enough news items on the subject to post on a daily basis, so we are going to run it as a frequently updated archive. It has initially been populated with backdated articles, and will be updated whenever we have new items to add.

At the moment it is very much a work in progress, so if you are interested in the Coptic period and have anything that you think might help us to develop this resource your thoughts would be very welcome. Links to any articles, old or new, would also be most welcome.

Anyone who visits this blog can see my profile to know all they need to know about me. Howard is a Coptic specialist (which I, of course, am not). He has a website dedicated to Coptic studies, "Coptic Research" which includes his Coptic Monastery Database Project, and can be found at:
http://www.ambilacuk.com/coptic/index.html



Travel: Capturing Cairo, The Old Way

WorldRider

This well above average travel piece is accompanied by some really lovely photographs of Cairo.

Behind the madness, traffic and pollution of Cairo there sits a seductive mistress of a city that sucks you in and bites you with a an addictive elixir making it very difficult to leave. Cairo is the capital of the Arab world, but here in the city where pedestrians battle with cars, trucks and busses for rights of passage across a maze of streets, canals and the wonderful River Nile there is no pretension, no expectation nor forced behavioral rituals other than respect. A medieval city until the mid 1800's, Cairo is a living museum that rests in the shadows of the pyramids and Sphinx. It's easy to get lost and one can slip into anonymity as easy as putting oneself as a tourist with a bulls-eye on your forehead.

With a few days to kill in Cairo and newly made friends, I made my way through the dissonant sounds of the city and to the Egyptian Museum. According to Lonely Planet if you were to spend one minute at each exhibit in this massive museum it would take you nine months to see everything. Then again, one minute at an exhibit would mean you really saw nothing at all. So it's easy to spend a day here. But without credentials or studies in archaeology or Egyptology the Museum is a maze and confusion.


See the above page for the entire account.

What's new at ETANA

Thanks to Chuck Jones for the latest news:

The Institute for the Study of the Ancient World at New York University (http://www.nyu.edu/ISAW) is the newest member of the ETANA collective (http://www.etana.org)

Both ISAW and ETANA now have presences in facebook:
ISAW: http://www.new.facebook.com/group.php?gid=10685696817
ETANA: http://www.new.facebook.com/group.php?gid=22877529027

As of 1 July 2008 there are 355 digitized books and one developing resource (eTACT) in ETANA Core Texts. I present at this link all of those titles in a single list organized alphabetically by author's name.
http://ancientworldbloggers.blogspot.com/2008/06/awol-ancient-world-online-6.html


If you check Abzu regularly, you will see new material appear at the "View items recently added to ABZU" link at:
http://www.etana.org/abzu

You can also check the What's New in Abzu blog, which lists nearly everything entered into the database in the order in which it is entered:
http://www.bloglines.com/blog/AbzuNew

There are RSS feeds from both of those URLs. For those of you who need assistance with such feeds, I refer you to:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Feed

An alternative for those who wish to receive regular Abzu updates by email is to use http://www.rssfwd.com/

Go there, enter the Abzu URL:
http://www.etana.org/abzu/

When prompted, enter your preferred email address. You're done.

If you wish to use the What's New in Abzu widget on your own website or blog, you will find the code and instructions at:

http://www.widgetbox.com/widget/abzu-bibliography

Egypt of David Roberts screensaver

Simtel

50 images of Egypt by David Roberts. Beautiful Pharaonic and Islamic scenes chosen from his six volumes of prints published in 1846. This screensaver includes a portrait of David Roberts plus scenes along the Nile of Abu Simbel, Karnak, the Temple of Luxor, the Colossus of Memnon, Temples of Kom Obo, Esna and Edfu, views of Philae, interiors and exteriors of mosques in Cairo, views of Cairo, Pyramids of Giza, and the Sphinx. All images have been enhanced to show the vibrant colors of Cairo
and the heiroglyphic details and delicate colors of the pharaonic ruins that Roberts painstakingly captured in his watercolors which were drawn during his travels of 1838 and 1839.

Daily Photo - Bronze vase from the Petrie collection


UC16428. Bronze vase of piriform shape with long neck and flared rim, with incised hieroglyphic inscription 'for the washer of the sandals of Amen, Dhutihotep', between horizontal lines. 22.5cm. Eighteenth Dynasty


Copyright: Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology,
University College London
With my thanks

Monday, August 18, 2008

Update on KV5

Theban Mapping Project, KV5

Many thanks to Gary Maher for letting me know that the KV5 section on the Theban Mapping Project has been updated with an August 2008 progress report.

The 2008 season of the Theban Mapping Project's work in Valley of the Kings tomb KV 5 began on the morning of 10th February and continued until 19th March. During that time, significant restoration and stabilization of tomb walls was undertaken, especially in the doorways preceding the intersection of corridors 7, 10, and 1l, near the statue niche of Osiris. Here, techniques similar to those used in previous seasons to stabilize and restore the pillars in chamber 3 were used to strengthen the walls between doorways 7i, 7j, 7k, and 7l, and the doorway into corridor 11. This work was important because the bedrock above this part of KV 5 is over 34 meters thick and its great weight has resulted in numerous compression fractures in the tomb's walls. In addition, chambers 7i and 7j were cleared of debris. Both their doorways revealed cut limestone blocks that had been laid on the floor of each, creating 10 centimeter high sills. This feature is not found in the doorways of other side-chambers along corridor 7.

Corridors 25, 26, and 27 were filled to a depth of about 1.5 meters of fine silt, overlaid with large blocks of limestone fallen from the chambers' ceilings. We cleared the corridors of stone and silt. Very few potsherds were found. In contrast to corridors 20 and 21, where 3, 749 and 1,204 sherds were found, respectively, corridor 25 contained only 123 sherds, corridor 26 only 3, and corridor 9 only 9. These low numbers are due to early flooding that blocked doorways into corridors between here and the tomb's entrance, slowing later floods and making them unable to carry anything but small, light weight objects. Corridor 27 was left unfinished by ancient workmen, and ended after about 5 meters. The eight side-chambers of corridors 25 and 26 have not yet been cleared.

Side-chamber 8b was also cleared. Only six potsherds were found, in contrast to the 450 sherds found in earlier clearing of chamber 8, and 240 found in 8c. Again, the blocking of the doorway into chamber 8 by early flood events reduced the number and size of objects that could be transported into it.

A major undertaking this season was the clearing and stabilization of chamber 5, the only chamber in KV 5 known with some certainty to have served as a burial chambers. That identification is based upon the fact that there are four small brick niches cut into the chamber's four walls. Such niches are found only in New Kingdom royal burial chambers. Only a part of the chamber has so far been cleared: a strip about two meters wide along its west wall, a strip about 1.5 meters wide along the western half of its south wall, and a strip about 1.0 meters wide along its north wall. The ceiling of chamber 5 had suffered badly over the years, both because of the many fractures in the limestone in this part of the hillside, and because tourist buses used to park directly above the west side of the chamber, and vibrations from their running engines caused many tons of the ceiling to collapse into the room.

See the above page for the entire report.

Travel: Sahara safari

Deccan Herald (Arjun Manjunath)

A description of a brief trip to Farafra's splendid White Desert. The reference to "the most amazing desert cheese" made me feel like abandoning rainy London and getting straight on a plane! Gibna beida is something that I could eat until it comes out of my ears. I have no idea why something so mild is so addictive.

So far, National Geographic had been our window to the pyramids, sphinx, mummies and everything about Egypt. A 12-day trip to Egypt this summer exposed us to an Egypt beyond the pyramids. The Desert Safari was one of the major highlights of our Egypt trip. The desert itself was totally new. Before Egypt, I had visited tombs if not the pyramids, rivers and cruises if not Nile but never had I been to a desert. Although I had seen a lot of it on television, it is something to step on that undisturbed wavy dunes of sand and leave a footprint which gives you a momentary impression that you are the first one to be there.

After a day’s trip to Alexandria from Cairo, the next morning we set out to the Bahariya oasis. It was a five-hour journey and we were scheduled to meet our desert guide Wahid. We took the Upper Egypt Bus service. As we eased ourselves out of Cairo, the desert started to appear. It is customary to see a huge gigantic mountain or lush green thick forest in front of you and feel amazed, but to see a vast expanse of nothingness (not even water) and still feel amazed is something only a desert can offer.

It was an amazing view but a five-hour journey into the desert can be quite dehydrating and left us starving towards the end. After reaching the oasis, we met Wahid — the ‘king of the desert’ (as he fancies himself). He is by far the most energetic person, a genuine desert lover and hence a passionate guide in the true spirit. Wahid took us to his house. A typical desert house from the outside but had everything from a refrigerator to a DVD player inside. An amazing vegetarian lunch was waiting for us.


See the above page for the full story. There are no photographs of the White Desert accompanying this article but here's a page with some good ones from an earlier post:

http://www.sharm4u.com/forums/egypt/1708-white-desert.html



Exhibition: Lure of the East

Financial Times, UK

Time is running out if you want to visit this exhibition at the Tate, in London U.K., which closes on 31st August 2008:

A hookah casts whirls of smoke in the half-light streaming through the wooden mashrabiyya in Arthur Melville's "Arab Interior". Light filters as deliciously, dreamily, through the latticed screens in Frank Dillon's Cairo painting "A Room in the Female Quarters of the House of Sheikh al-Sadat". A scribe sits absorbed, rapt in his spiritual life, in John Frederick Lewis's "Commentator on the Koran". The sun sets on an ancient, monumental, still scene in David Roberts's "Ruins of the Great Temple of Karnak", and illuminates a lurid phantasmagorical desert drama in Holman Hunt's "The Scapegoat".

Arresting images of timeless pleasures and unchanging landscapes or politically charged works which misrepresent the Middle East as a place of exacerbated sensuality, decadence and an inability to keep up with the present? Since Edward Said's book Orientalism was published 30 years ago, it has become impossible to enjoy popular Victorian images of the Orient without debate about western cultural imperialism shrieking in the background. War in Iraq, terror in America and Europe, recent panicky attempts to understand Islamic culture, have all turned these paintings into art history's equivalent of hand grenades.


See the above page for the full story.

Horus replica perplexes town officials

Washington Report on Middle East Affairs

Many thanks to Noreen Doyle for this story:

Mystery surrounds an Egyptian statue nestled amid a garden of Scotch broom on the lower slopes of Marin County’s Mount Tamalpais. The 45-inch cast cement likeness of ancient Egypt’s sky-god Horus faces due west and gazes directly at the 2,471-foot mountain’s peak. Accidentally discovered by a crew from the Mill Valley Fire Department during a routine brush-clearing project on the protected public property, city officials are mystified as to the statue’s origin, who placed it in the remote location inaccessible by automobile, how the estimated 1,200 pound object was transported, and—most importantly—why.

The Mill Valley Police Department contacted Phil Pasquini [this reporter’s husband] for assistance in solving the conundrum after reading an article on the Internet about his technique of creating reproductions of Egyptian artifacts (see Jan./Feb. 2003 Washington Report, p. 59).

After bushwhacking our way through an overabundance of coastal scrub, chaparral, poison oak, bush monkey flower, and various species of grasses and forbs, we examined and photographed the mystic sculpture.

Concerned that the statue might have been stolen from a local collection, Pasquini contacted Bay Area museums, including San Jose’s Rosicrucian, about possible missing pieces, but was told all of their exhibits were intact.

Unless and until further clues develop, the falcon deity remains another ancient Egyptian enigma and adds to the folklore surrounding Marin’s famous mountain.

Tourism: Developing tourism in the Middle East

Gulf News (Jumana Al Taminmi)

With a 9.5 per cent average annual increase in tourist arrivals between 2000 and 2004, the Middle East region has already recorded the fastest growth of any region and comparable with worldwide travel and tourism (T&T) of 2.7 per cent during the same period, international tourism figures show. . . .

The Middle East is the cradle of ancient civilisations and the birthplace of world's monotheist religions. The region's precious collections of archeological monuments and ruins, including wonders of ancient and modern times: Egypt's pyramids, Iraq's hanging gardens of Babylon (which today exists through a duplicate), lighthouse of Alexandria, and recently Jordan's Petra.

Furthermore, the region has a long list of diverse nature to offer today . . .

The diversity of the region calls for a diverse "forms of tourism, new tastes and new styles of travel", say experts, especially that there are big potential for the sector, as shown by international figures. According to a paper presented to the World Economic Forum last year, the Middle East's 9.6 million arrivals in 1990, accounted for just 2.2 per cent of international tourist arrivals. In the same year, tourist arrivals in all of Africa, including North Africa, were just 15.2 million.

"Today, travel and tourism in the Arab world still accounts for only six per cent of international tourist arrivals showing the growth opportunities that remain for the sector," according to the 2007 paper.

Apart from actively promoting tourism on a world-wide platform, following the footsteps of some Gulf countries, and formulating a more cohesive tourism strategies, "cultural uniqueness of the region needs to be better communicated to the world," said Dahmash. "There is an opportunity to create awareness of the wide-range of tourism options available in the region."

Dahmash strongly believe one of the avenues that can explored in tourism in Middle East is "heritage and cultural tourism," where the world's heritage sites are highlighted, as well as other sports activities, such as diving, golf, motor racing and equestrian events.

Johns Hopkins University's Walid Hazbun, who wrote several papers on tourism in the Arab world, believe some of the new tastes of travel might include everything from religion-oriented travel to ecotourism and adventure travel in which Arab travellers make up only a limited share.


Daily Photo - Ivory wand fragment from Petrie


UC16384. Fragment of ivory (hippopotamus) magic wand, incised from R-L with frog on basket (HEQT), TA-URT with knife, two human heads and crocodile. 10.6cms. Possibly Eighteenth Dynasty.


Copyright: Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology,
University College London
With my thanks


Sunday, August 17, 2008

Egyptian mummy gets makeover in Leeds

Yorkshire Evening Post

This article is several days old but today is the first day that I could persuade the page to load, so be warned - it may be temperamental.

EVERYONE likes to look their best when appearing in public and Nesyamun, the Leeds mummy, is no exception.

Conservation experts are currently carrying out work to ensure the 3,000-year-old Egyptian priest and his inner and outer coffins look their best before going on display at the new £20m Leeds City Museum which opens on September 13.

Leeds once boasted a fine collection of mummies but they were destroyed in a World War Two air raid in 1941 and only Nesyamun survived.

He will be one of the attractions in the new museum's Ancient Worlds gallery.

Emma Bowron, conservator at Leeds City Museum's Discovery Centre, Clarence Dock, where the work is taking place, said Nesyamun's remains would be moved on to a foam base to give it more stability ahead of its move to the museum in Millennium Square.

More re Giza plateau and Great Sphinx

Gulf News

For anyone who didn't have the time to wade through the various posts about the changes being made to the visitor experience at the Giza plateau and the measures being made to preserve the Sphinx, this article summarizes all the key points.

Exhibition: Art and Empire - Treasures from Assyria in the British Museum

Art Daily

"Tenuous" seems to be the word of the month. We need more sphinxes to be uncovered! This exhibition at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston in about the Assyrian art of Iraq. It might be of interest to anyone examining the links between Egypt and neighbouring civilizations.

This exhibition showcases 250 objects from the British Museum, which has the finest collection of Assyrian art outside of Iraq, found in palaces and temples dating from the 9–7th centuries BC located at Kalhu (present-day Nimrud) and Nineveh along the Tigris River in northern Iraq. Art and Empire is a collaboration between the British Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

“The Neo-Assyrian empire—which encompassed much of today’s Middle East—represents a fascinating period, and this exhibition highlights the grand palaces, monumental wall reliefs, and rare artifacts of its kings,” said Malcolm Rogers, Ann and Graham Gund Director of the MFA. “This spectacular collection also gives visitors the opportunity to explore the power, majesty, and sophistication of an ancient civilization that was little understood until it was rediscovered by archeologists less than two centuries ago.”

Art and Empire chronicles Assyria’s rise from a small landlocked kingdom in northern Mesopotamia to a magnificent empire stretching from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea. Its territories encompassed all of present-day Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon, as well as large parts of Israel, Egypt, Turkey, and Iran—the greatest dominion known until that time.


Daily Photo - Footwear from the Petrie Museum


UC16555. Pair of fine palm-fibre sandals, with ant damage. Tie of one (B) missing. Length 33.5 cms width 16.5 cms. ghteenth Dynasty. Found at Sedment.


UC16556. Worn palm-fibre sandal, tie missing . Length 30 cms width 12.3 cms. Eighteenth Dynasty. Found at Sedment.





UC16557. Half (heel) palm-fibre sandal, tie missing. Date palm fibre. length 23 + cms width 11.5 cms. Eighteenth Dynasty. Found at Sedment.


Copyright: Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology,
University College London
With my thanks


Saturday, August 16, 2008

Sphinx statues unearthed in Luxor

Monsters and Critics

An archeological mission of the Egyptian Higher Council of Antiquities (EHCA) discovered on Friday four headless statues of the Sphinx, the mythical creature most famously represented at the pyramid complex at Giza.

The statues were discovered on the ancient road connecting temples at Luxor and Karnak in southern Egypt-also known as the 'Avenue of the Sphinxes.'

According to Zahi Hawass, Secretary General of the EHCA, the sandstone statues belonged to King Nakhtnebef, the founder of the 30th Pharaonic dynasty (363-380 BC).

'The mission has found these statues during excavations in the area that lies between Khaled Ibn al-Waleed and the Luxor temples in the east bank of the Nile. They were under the remains of a police station that was recently demolished,' Hawass told reporters.

The team also excavated Ptolemic and Roman buildings along with a sandstone block that carries a cartouche (a royal title) of famed Queen Cleopatra the last Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt.

The EHCA is currently coordinating with the Higher Council of Luxor as part of a 100,000 Egyptian pound (18,800 dollars) project to reclaim all areas between the Luxor and Karnak temples and to rescue the antiquities that surround the avenue of Sphinxes.

The area had previously been covered by modern buildings. Twenty Sphinx statues were discovered at the site in 2007, and archeologists expect many more to be unearthed.

More re DNA testing to be carried out on fetuses

Discovery Channel

Ongoing analysis on the mummified remains of two female fetuses buried in the tomb of Tutankhamun will most likely show that at least one of the stillborn children is the offspring of the teenage pharaoh, a scientist who carried serological analysis on the mummified remains told Discovery News.

"I studied one of the mummies, the larger one, back in 1979 [and] determined the blood group data from this baby mummy and compared it with my 1969 blood grouping of Tutankhamun.

"The results confirmed that this larger fetus could indeed be the daughter of Tutankhamen," said Robert Connolly, senior lecturer in physical anthropology from the University of Liverpool's Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology.

The fetuses have been stored at the Cairo University's Faculty of Medicine since archaeologist Howard Carter first discovered them in Tutankhamun's tomb on the west bank of Luxor, Egypt in 1922.

Egyptologists have long debated whether these mummies were the stillborn children of King Tut and his wife Ankhesenamun or if they were placed in the tomb with the symbolic purpose of allowing the boy king to live as newborns in the afterlife.





Video: Mummy's secrets revealed

BBC News

French archaeologists have found one of the best preserved Egyptian mummies in Europe, in the basement of a provincial French museum.

Chris Bockman reports.

Exhibition: More re fake Coptic items at the Brooklyn museum

Yahoo! News

The Brooklyn Museum, which recently announced its prized collection of stone sculptures from ancient Egypt was cluttered with fakes, is planning an exhibit with these pieces to raise awareness of forgeries in the world's art collections.

"We really have to face the fact that mistakes are made in museums just as they are made anywhere else," Edna Russmann, curator of the museum's Egyptian, classical, and ancient Middle Eastern art, said this week. "Museums are in the habit of hiding these things away."

The exhibit, "Unearthing the Truth: Egypt's Pagan and Coptic Sculpture," is set to open next February.

Russmann says she was long suspicious about some of the museum's 4th to 6th century Coptic, or Christian Egyptian sculptures, acquired before she joined the museum. Some scholars had already raised doubts about their authenticity and several years ago she decided to put the question to rest.

Exhibition: Egyptian art and antiquities in Harrogate

Harrogate Advertiser

THE Times magazine recently voted Francis Frith's 'Egypt' exhibition one of its top five museum visits in the north of England.

Anyone wanting to catch it shoud pop along to the Royal Pump Room Museum, Harrogate before September 14.

Included are photographs of Ancient Egyptian temples and monuments from the 19th century to the present day alongside many treasures from Harrogate’s Egyptology collection such as vases, jewellery, a mirror, amulets, scribe’s palette and weaponry inculding axes and maceheads.

You can discover about death and burial in the Egyptology: Scientific Investigation exhibition with mummy masks, shabti figures, canopic jars and objects linked to the Pharaohs.

Daily Photo - 18th Dynasty ceramics from the Petrie


UC19122. Redware pottery jar painted with blue bands and dark lines on cream background, cracked. 29cms. Eighteenth Dynasty. Medinet El-Faiyum.


UC19145. Brown ware cream slip pottery jug with dark painted pattern, type 79K. 17.5cms. Eighteenth Dynasty. Found at Riqqeh?



UC19170. Drab ware pottery jug with cream slip burnished dark brown decoration. 23cms. Eighteenth Dynasty. Found at Meidum.



UC15942. Body of pink ware pot with 2 breasts. Painted blue and brown over white slip. 18.5cms. Eighteenth Dynasty.




UC19163. Redware pottery hes-vase, cream slip all over, black and red pattern on upper part, rim and base damaged. 30.5cms. Eighteenth Dynasty. Found at Meidum.

Friday, August 15, 2008

Reclaiming Sinai

Egypt Today (Jeff Neumann)

Because it is such a slow news day I hope that I'll be forgiven for sliding in this piece about a programme being carried out in Sinai to improve matters for the tribal Bedouin who still live there. This is quite a long article (nearly four pages of A4 when I printed it out in printer-friendly format). If it seems familiar there was something similar on Al Ahram a couple of months back.

The Bedouin tribes of Sinai have been marginalized in the race for development since Egypt regained the peninsula from Israel in 1982. In those 26 years, countless resort chains have popped up along the southern shoreline, tainting this historical and spiritual land.

Besides being generally shut out from the rest of Egyptian society, the Bedouin have also received a lot of vitriol for what some see as collaboration with Israel during the years of occupation. The string of bombings in Taba, Sharm El-Sheikh and Dahab between 2004 and 2006 certainly didn’t help their standing. Local tribesmen were largely blamed for the attacks, or at the very least assisting the attackers, resulting in the arrest and incarceration of well over 1,000 Bedouin over the two years.

Now, under a robust European Union (EU) initiative fueled by ¤55.5 million (LE 466 million), the tribes of South Sinai have a chance to turn their fortunes around. Started in 2006, the South Sinai Regional Development Programme (SSRDP) is set to be completed by 2010 and in theory will provide the local population with the means to sustain itself for generations to come.

The program is divided into two phases, or “components.” Component One comprises extensive infrastructure projects, such as the new water pipeline from Suez to St. Katherine, worth a total of ¤34 million (LE 286 million). Component Two is the dispersal of grants worth ¤20.5 million (LE 172 million), of which some will go to Sheikh Sina, the organizers of my hike.

Graves found from Sahara's "green" period

Another one which drifts somewhat off topic - out of Egypt altogether. For anyone who has a feel for the prehistoric archaeology of the Egyptian Western and Libya this article may be of interest. Well it interested me! The article is accompanied by an excellent slideshow (10 slides). If you are presented with an advert, the "skip" link is almost invisibly small, at the top right of the screen.

New York Times (John Noble Wilford)

When Paul C. Sereno went hunting for dinosaur bones in the Sahara, his career took a sharp turn from paleontology to archaeology. The expedition found what has proved to be the largest known graveyard of Stone Age people who lived there when the desert was green.

The first traces of pottery, stone tools and human skeletons were discovered eight years ago at a site in the southern Sahara, in Niger. After preliminary research, Dr. Sereno, a University of Chicago scientist who had previously uncovered remains of the dinosaur Nigersaurus there, organized an international team of archaeologists to investigate what had been a lakeside hunting and fishing settlement for the better part of 5,000 years, originating some 10,000 years ago.

In its first comprehensive report, published Thursday, the team described finding about 200 graves belonging to two successive populations. Some burials were accompanied by pottery and ivory ornaments. A girl was buried wearing a bracelet carved from a hippo tusk. A man was seated on the carapace of a turtle.

The most poignant scene was the triple burial of a petite woman lying on her side, facing two young children. The slender arms of the children reached out to the woman in an everlasting embrace. Pollen indicated that flowers had decorated the grave.

Pharaohs made of sand

Harborough Mail

DELIGHTED youngsters revelled in the sand as the pyramids of ancient Egypt came to Lutterworth on Friday.

The town hall car park underwent a speedy transformation to become the desert, complete with Sphinx and pharaoh statues, as part of a special Egypt-themed event in the run-up to Lutterworth Feast Week.

In spite of cloudy, very un-Egyptian weather, dozens of children played in a huge sandpit as adults relaxed on deckchairs provided.

Slumber Like a Mummy with the King Tut Sleeping Bag

InventorSpot

I'm afraid that I have been unable to dig out anything except Egyptomaniac stuff today. This did make me giggle, however. It is a fairly dire week for news from any of my sources. See the above page for two photographs of the sleeping bag.

The ancient Egyptians transformed their dearly departed pharaohs into spectacularly decorated mummies for their journey into the afterlife. Now you can sleep the sleep of a hundred centuries with the King Tut sleeping bag!

That is, if you can find one - according to our sources at A Rinkya Blog , the brilliantly colored soft sarcophagus is a huge hit in Japan, quickly selling out at department stores and online retailers.


Daily Photo - Faience at the Petrie

The last of the photographs on this page, one of the clay moulds used to form this type of ornament, is one of the reasons that I like the Petrie so much. As well as all the spectaucular, pretty and unusual items that the Egyptian cultures produced, the Petrie has the everyday items that give you a glimpse into the everyday soul of the place.



UC1283. White faience stud earring; decorative motif: white petals around red centre, on blue background. Late 18th Dynasty. Found at Amarna. 1.5cm diameter.




UC1282. Yellow faience earring; daisy motif: red centre, blue inlaid petals inlaid; broken. . Late 18th Dynasty. Found at Amarna. 2cm diameter.




UC1280. Faience cornflower for inlay; green calyx, blue petals. Late 18th Dynasty. Found at Amarna. 1.75cm.



UC1828 Blue faience daisy; dark blue centre; inlay. Late 18th Dynasty. Found at Amarna. 1.5 cm diameter.



UC1828. Mould; daisy; fired clay. Late 18th Dynasty. Found at Amarna. 3.8cm diameter.



Copyright: Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology,
University College London
With my thanks

Thursday, August 14, 2008

Pumping water away from the Great Sphinx

Egypt Daily Star News ()Yehia Darwish)

Within two months the Archeological Engineering Center at Cairo University (AEC) will pump out the underground water in the area surrounding the Sphinx in a LE 2 million project, Zahi Hawass, secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) said in a press statement.

Dr Hafez Abdel Azim, head of the AEC described the water movements under the Valley Temple of Kafre as stable; as up to seven experimental wells have been dug, pumping 260 cubic meters of water every hour.

This comes amid concern for the safety of the ancient structure from underground water and other environmental elements.

Hawass said that the studies conducted showed that the water is potable and it was found within normal levels, at 4.8 meters below ground. The study was carried out by the Ecology and Engineering Center.

The wells have successfully reduced the water to 70 percent of its original volume. Thirty-three monitoring points used to detect movement of the Sphinx’s body have also confirmed that the structure is stable.


See the above page for more.

Bookplates of scholars in ancient studies

Ancient World Bloggers Group

This is a great post from Charles Ellwood Jones. I suppose that this comes under the broad heading of Egyptomania, in that most of the Egyptian-themed bookplates shown are distinctly on the romantic side. I found them all great fun. Bookplates (exlibris) are the labels which are pasted inside book covers, usually to identify the owners or to indicate the affiliation of the owner. It's not a fashion today but I do see them in second hand books that I buy. I had no idea that they were collector items. There's an account about them on Wikipedia. This one belonged to a chap named Hans Bernhard Ambrosius Abel, but James Henry Breasted's, shown on the above page, is great fun too and there are some other excellent examples. Here's an extract from the above post:

When I was Research Archivist- Bibliographer at the Oriental Institute (1983-2005) I began, in a vague and undirected way, to collect scans of bookplates of scholars of ancient Near Eastern Studies. The primary focus was on those which appeared in volumes in the collections of the Oriental Institute. When the OI History blog began in the winter of 2008, it seemed an appropriate place to illustrate this small collection. When that blog entry appeared, correspondents began to send me information on other bookplates and copies of their own, when they had them. I hope this trend will continue, and I urge those of you who have a personal bookplate, or who have examples of scholar's bookplates in your own books or in books accessible to you will send them along for inclusion in this collection.

The study of the Bookplate, or Exlibris, is an interesting topic. See here, and here, and here, for instance. I suggest in particular, that those of you interested in the subject might like to consult Antike im Exlibris 2 Griechenland im Exlibris, and, Antike im Exlibris. Teil 1, Aegypten im Exlibris. A copy of the latter is in the Research Archives. See also the egyptological (or Egyptomaniacal) bookplates in the collection of Lewis Jaffe at Confessions of a Bookplate Junkie

Egyptian archaeologists visit Erie Canal

Cnylink

Thanks to Noreen Doyle for this article, which, as she says, is a little different! Short biographies of the four Egyptian archaeologists concerned are given at the end of the piece.

Four Egyptian archaeologists visited the Camillus aqueduct and Erie Canal Park last week as part of a cultural heritage preservation program through the U.S. Department of State and International Center of Syracuse.

The men were greeted by park volunteers, toured the Sims Store Museum and traveled a mile down the canal by boat to the aqueduct site.

Park volunteer Marie Miczan called the visit an honor. While on their trip to the United States, the men visited archaeological sites throughout the country, and Miczan was surprised and thrilled to have them stop in Camillus.

"It's like a reward for all us volunteers, for all our hard work," Miczan said. She has been volunteering with the park for about six years. The volunteering efforts responsible for the creation and growth of the park did not go unseen by the archaeologists. "Volunteers are very important to give new generations importance of heritage and the past," El Bialy. "You can't ask for people's help to preserve the past without knowing anything about the past."

That is where the volunteers come in, he said. Their efforts to educate present generations about the history of the canal and the local area are important in eventually raising funds to preserve historic sites.

Dr. Mohamed El Bialy, general director of antiquities of Aswan and Nubia, said historical sites like the aqueduct are just as important and in need of preservation as world-famous sites like the Pyramids of Giza.

Travel: A wedding in Abusir

The Prague Wanderer (Karen Yi)

Demetri and I wanted to break away from the mold -- the beaches of Cancun and Acapulco -- so we decided to spend our spring break in Egypt. Back in New York one of our friends had strongly recommended we get a driver. He gave us the email of a man named Wageih, who he insisted, had been "the best tour guide ever." A few quick email exchanges in broken English, and we were set. With a guidebook in hand, a local guide and a Nikon digital ready to snap away at the Pyramids of Giza, we were ready to take on the Egyptian hagglers.

"I have surprise for you, if you like," Wageih said to me, an hour into our friendship, as he drove us from the airport. "Friday we have wedding party for my friend." Thrilled, I scoured my Lonely Planet guide searching for the bold headline that would tell me what to expect, but to no avail. I was unprepared, as Friday night in Cairo arrived, knowing nothing of Egyptian wedding parties. I assumed there would be belly dancing, music and exotic décor, and maybe some type of throne. I might dance in the richly decorated room, devour some good food and listen to loud Egyptians celebrating in every corner.

But no paragraph in the Lonely Planet book could have prepared me for the celebration we were about to experience. Hint: I played a central role in making the festivities...unique.

We drove along the Nile and then finally turned down a dark, narrow, alley. We were in a small cluster of homes next to the Abusir pyramids. Clothes that had been hung out to dry decorated the bare, mud-brick walls. The car trembled on the bumpy dirt road as we made our way deep into the maze of Egyptian homes. Wageih spotted a small opening just large enough for our vehicle. He squeezed between two cars, scratching the side door, but he did not seem remotely concerned. We stepped out of the car and headed towards the roaring music.

In was not a fancy venue, not a dance hall or a ballroom, just an open space. Multi-colored strips of cloth were hung in seemingly endless succession across the open pavilion with bright lights strung from end to end. Clumps of people sat around rectangular tables smoking and enjoying the music, but then they were suddenly occupied with something else.


See the above page for the full story.

Daily Photo - Alabaster vases from the Petrie



UC13261 fine alabaster vase; repaired, piece missing from rim, replaced with plastecine; rims of collar practically same size. Probably purchased in Cairo - presented by Guy Brunton. 17cm. 6th Dynasty?


UC13267. Alabaster vase highly polished gracefully tapering body and thick flat rim damaged. 2 5/8 inches. Dynasty XI-Dynasty XII?



UC16363. Alabaster 'squat vase' type 81T. Dynasty 1. Found at Tarkhan.



UC16361. Alabaster cylinder vase type 63H. Rim chipped. 7cms. Dynasty 1. Found at Tarkhan.




UC16907. Tapering cylinder vase of alabaster in 7 pieces - stuck - almost complete with raised wavy line decoration below rim. 22.2cm tall. Found at Tarkhan.



Copyright: Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology,
University College London
With my thanks

Wednesday, August 13, 2008

Video: Meet the mummy named Demetrios

Brooklyn Museum
More re Meet the Mummy

Thanks very much to Preston for letting me know that the Brooklyn Museum website is featuring an excellent video to accompany its To Live Forever website. It takes a look at one of the mummies and its conservation. Very enjoyable.

Say hello to Demetrios. Excavated from a Roman cemetery in Hawara, Egypt in 1911, this mummy is believed to date between 30 B.C. and 395 A.D. See beyond the linen wrappings and explore interactive CT scans — 3-D x-rays — of this 2,000-year-old mummy.

The CT data is courtesy of Lawrence M. Boxt, MD, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY

1st stage of pyramids plateau development project opened

Egypt State Information Service

Minister of Culture Farouk Hosni accompanied with Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, Zahi Hawwas, inaugurated Monday 11/8/2008 the first stage of the Giza pyramids plateau development project.

The project that will be implemented by the Ministry of Culture on three stages to develop the plateau and prepare it for tourist visits will cost LE 300 million.

Minister Farouk Hosni inspected the first stage works that included building electronic ports, 18 km long security siege with 199 TV cameras around the tourist area to monitor all the area.

The works included as well fixing sophisticated weapons and explosive detectors and magnetic tickets machines.

Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Zahi Hawwas said the council will sign a contract with a specialized company to operate electric transport vehicles to move tourists and visitors from the parking lots to the archeological sites of the area.

During the visit, Minister Farouk Hosni announced the start of the 2nd stage of the project. The 2nd stage will include lighting works and paving the roads.

Update re ETANA

Chuck Jones has posted the following update re Etana:

All of the ETANA core texts have been moved over the last year from the KSL server at Case Western Reserve University to more secure locations. Users of ETANA and Abzu will find permalinks in the metadata for each title in Abzu (http://www.etana.org/abzu).

It would be helpful to cite ETANA documents by those names which will link to the books in question no matter where the end up being served from.

Those who have not yet seen it can find a convenient link of all 356 titles in ETANA CORE Texts in "AWOL - The Ancient World Online - 6: ETANA Core Texts" at:

http://ancientworldbloggers.blogspot.com/2008/06/awol-ancient-world-online-6.html

-Chuck Jones- For ETANA.

France backs Farouk Hosni to win UNESCO's post

Egypt State Information Service

Former French Culture Minister Jack Lang said Minister of Culture Farouk Hosni (the Egyptian nominee to the post of UNESCO Director General) has a great chance to win the post.

He added that the French Administration "sympathizes with everything related to Egypt" pointing out that Minister Farouk Hosni is practically better, especially if we took into consideration the future role of the organization in preserving heritage and cultures dialogue.

Lang said some other European culture ministers back the Egyptian nominee due to the cultural role Egypt plays.

Origins of Early Writing

Origins of Early Writing Systems

It is a really slow news day so this is thrown in for anyone interested in the origins of early writing systems. The Proceedings from the conference Origins of Early Writing Systems have been posted online. But as surprising as it seems this conference (October 5th -7th 2007) did not seem to have ancient Egyptian (and a number of other very earlier languages) in its agenda. However, Babylonian, Proto-Elamite, Sumerian and Mesopotamian are included.

Daily(ish) Photo - Early ceramics from the Petrie


UC10774. Black-topped pot. Type B86M,with pot mark. Height 11.3 ins, width 9.8 ins. Found at El Amrah. Predynastic Period (3100BCE-5300BCE)



UC10702. Decorated pot, type D67B. Height 17.5 ins diameter 22.0 ins.
(If you look up this vessel from the above link you will see that it is marked down as 18th Dynasty - this is an error. It is Naqada II).


UC10698. Fancy pot, type F20d; stand with red coating but unpolished rim damage. Diameter 14.5 ins height 10.0 ins. Naqada I (3500BCE-4000BCE)





UC10736. Pottery horn with cow's head on top disc beads as eyes (one lost); bottom damaged. L 7 ins diameter 2.8 ins Naqada II (3200BCE-3500BCE) Found at Gerzeh




UC13256. Faience vase with 12 horizontal ribs and zig-zag above (just below rim) with 4 holes for tying on lid, faded from blue to white; edge of base chipped faience height 2 3/4 ins Max diameter 2 1/2 ins. Early Dynastic Period (2750BCE-3100BCE)



Copyright: Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology,
University College London
With my thanks

Tuesday, August 12, 2008

Visitors to receive protection at pyramids

ITN

There is a news report accompanying the following post on the above page, which has a noisy advert playing at the beginning of it.

The ancient monuments are known by tourists as a place where camel riders and trinket vendors hustle visitors relentlessly at every turn.

"For the first time the magic and the mystery of the pyramid will be seen by everyone who will come to Egypt" - Egypt's chief archaeologist Zahi Hawass

But now the hustlers are gone as Egypt unveils new security measures including a high wire fence and a ticket entry system.

The Egyptian minister of culture Farouk Hosny said: "No one will go into the area unless he has a magnetic ticket, otherwise no one will enter.

"This will make a control and will prevent any thefts like before."

Egypt's chief archaeologist Zahi Hawass said: "For the first time the magic and the mystery of the pyramid will be seen by everyone who will come to Egypt."

Mr Hawass said the second stage of the security upgrade is about "changing the roads and changing electricity and also working on the development of sphinx square".


The Telegraph, UK

Hawkers from neighbouring slums have grown notorious for their unscrupulous, and occasionally aggressive methods of pushing cheap trinkets or a horse ride on foreign visitors.

Some tourists have also broken the rules - climbing the uneven sides of the great pyramid of Khufu, the largest of the three, and occasionally suffering a fatal fall.

But with many tombs and other archaeological sites only partially excavated and still open to tourists, the authorities are determined to start protecting the ruins.

The new entrance to the site is a large brick building equipped with metal detectors and X-ray machines.

"We are making it much nicer for the tourists," said Shaban Abdel-Gawad, head of the Egyptology department at Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities, with even the toilets of "much better standard."

The changes are part of a £13 million project that began seven years ago to improve the site. A new lighting system, a cafeteria, and a visitors centre and bookshop will also be installed.

Once the project is complete, golf cars will drive tourists around the site, similar to those in use in the Valley of the Kings at Luxor and other ancient sites in Egypt.

International Herald Tribune

The long metal fence encircling the site is peppered with infrared and motion detectors. Tourists enter through a new brick entrance building, with half a dozen gates equipped with metal detectors and X-ray machines. Once inside, their every step is closely watched by 199 closed-circuit cameras covering every corner of the sprawling plateau.

"It looks clean and beautiful," said Michael Schmidt, 43, a real estate agent from New York City, as he visited the site Monday. "They did a good job."

Shaban Abdel-Gawad, head of the Egyptology department at Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities, said the plateau now only has one entrance point, the front gates. "We are making it much nicer for the tourists," he said and pointed to the new bathrooms at the entrance, which he said were of "much better standard."

As Hawass and antiquity authorities showed off the changes Monday, trinket sellers were nowhere to be seen, apparently ordered off the plateau. Three lone camel riders in male Arab headscarf and the traditional galabeyah robes were standing at the edge of the plateau. Instead of chasing customers, they waited for the tourists to come to them for a photo opportunity.

As a reporter walked up, one of them said: "Go away, the police told us not to talk to you."

"I've been working here for 25 years," said a second one, but would not give his name for fear he could lose his permit. "Now I don't know if I will be here tomorrow. I have five children, a wife. What will happen to us?"

It was not clear whether the trinket dealers were pushed out just for the day or whether they would return in a more controlled fashion. Kamal Wahid, the site's general director, said phasing out the hawkers will not be sudden or "unkind."

"Two years from now, you won't see them inside the site," he said. He added that a special area nearby will be designated for horse and camel riding for tourists — with the pyramids serving as a dramatic backdrop for photos.

The changes also increase security.



Neuesmuseum in Berlin

Thanks very much to Jonathan Calvert for letting me know that there is a display about the restoration of the Neuesmuseum in Berlin on show at the Sir John Soanes Museum until 6th September 2008:

http://www.soane.org/next.html

As Jonathan says, this is not strictly about Egypt but the good news is the museum will reopen October 2009, with new Egyptian galleries open to the public:

http://berlin-germany.ca/attractions/neuesmuseum.html

New Book: Belief in the Past

Left Coast Press

Belief in the Past
Theoretical Approaches to the Archaeology of Religion
David S. Whitley (Editor); Kelley Hays-Gilpin (Editor)

One of potential interest to anyone interested in ancient religions. There's no table of contents so it is impossible to know which geographical areas and which datasets are being discussed, although I'm guessing that rock art will feature fairly strongly.

Human actions are often deeply intertwined with religion and can be understood in a strictly religious context. Yet, many volumes and articles pertaining to discussions of religion in the archaeological past have focused primarily on the sociopolitical implications of such remains. The authors in this volume argue that while these interpretations certainly have a meaningful place in understanding the human past, they provide only part of the picture. Because strictly religious contexts have often been ignored, this has resulted in an incomplete assessment of religious behavior in the past. This volume considers exciting new directions for considering an archaeology of religion, offering examples from theory, tangible archaeological remains, and ethnography.

Monday, August 11, 2008

Online paper: Clines and Clusters versus "Race"

http://wysinger.homestead.com/brace.pdf

There's really nothing to report today, which is a blessing in some ways because I have to go into town for the rest of the day (which is why there is no "daily photo"), but just to pad things out a bit here's a 1993 online paper, which I stumbled across yesterday. I've posted the abstract below, but the entire pape is available at the above address.

Clines and Clusters Versus “Race:” A Test in Ancient Egypt and the Case of a Death on the Nile

C. LORING BRACE, DAVID P. TRACER, LUCIA ALLEN YAROCH, JOHN ROBB, KARI BRANDT, AND A. RUSSELL NELSON

Museum of Anthropology, University Museums Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (C.L.B., L.A.Y., J.R., K.B., A.R.N.) and Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 (D.P.T.)

KEY WORDS Egypt, Euclidean Distance dendrograms, Trivial traits, Clines, Clusters, “Race”

ABSTRACT The biological affinities of the ancient Egyptians were tested against their neighbors and selected prehistoric groups as well as against samples representing the major geographic population clusters of the world. Two dozen craniofacial measurements were taken on each individual used. The raw measurements were converted into C scores and used to produce Euclidean distance dendrograms. The measurements were principally of adaptively trivial traits that display patterns of regional similarities based solely on genetic relationships. The Predynastic of Upper Egypt and the Late Dynastic of Lower Egypt are more closely related to each other than to any other population. As a whole, they show ties with the European Neolithic, North Africa, modern Europe, and, more remotely, India, but not at all with sub-Saharan Africa, eastern Asia, Oceania, or the New World. Adjacent people in the Nile valley show similarities in trivial traits in an unbroken series from the delta in the north southward through Nubia and all the way to Somalia at the equator. At the same time, the gradient in skin color and body proportions suggests long-term adaptive response to selective forces appropriate to the latitude where they occur. An assessment of “race” is as useless as it is impossible. Neither clines nor clusters alone suffice to deal with the biological nature of a widely distributed population. Both must be used. We conclude that the Egyptians have been in place since back in the Pleistocene and have been largely unaffected by either invasions or migrations. As others have noted, Egyptians are Egyptians, and they were so in the past as well.


31 pages, in PDF format. If this is of interest I recommend that you save it or print it - these things often move or vanish altogether as websites evolve.

Volcanic rock sheds new light on relations among ancient cultures

Egypt Then And Now

Pumice, a lightweight volcanic rock, was used in ancient times as a cosmetic remedy and also as an abrasive. A product of high demand, it unleashed an intense commercial activity among Egyptian, Syrian, Minoan and other Mediterranean cultures. In Egypt, pumice has been found in ancient workshops. In some of the excavations, there was even rock that still presented the right abrasion traces. They were used to polish sculptures, constructions, bronze objects, and so forth.

Based on pumice specific chemical composition, researchers from Vienna University of Technology can generate a chemical fingerprint and compare rock types from archaeological excavations to determine their origin. Egyptians have surely ordered pumice from Greece.


Review: Mummies - Secrets of the Pharaohs

Bedford Times Register

"Mummies: Secrets of the Pharaohs" brings to life ancient wonders, historic intrigue and a modern-day forensic adventure, all in one new film at the Great Lakes Science Center.

Why are people endlessly fascinated with mummies? The worldwide curiosity about mummification is an age-old phenomenon as enduring as mummies themselves. During Egypt's history, literally millions of mummies were made. In "Mummies: Secrets of the Pharaohs," filmgoers will marvel at the sight of these human time capsules, shown in larger-than-life detail on the Great Lakes Science Center's six-story screen.

Narrated by actor Christopher Lee ("The Lord Of The Rings," "Star Wars," and the original 1959 film "The Mummy"), "Mummies: Secrets of the Pharaohs" unravels some of the mysteries enshrouding the ancient royal mummies, how they were embalmed and where they were hidden, and also recreates the dramatic story of their recovery--an Indiana Jones-type tale of tomb-raiders and hidden treasure that led to one of the most significant archaeological finds in modern history. Featuring top researchers, such as Egyptologists Dr. Bob Brier and Dr. Zahi Hawass (head of Egypt's antiquities) and DNA scientist Angelique Corthals, the film also embarks on a genetic analysis of mummies that could have huge implications for the study of modern human diseases.

Interwoven throughout the film's historic narrative is a modern-day forensic story, a scientific journey to extract clues about our past that could have an impact on our future.


See the above page for the full story.

Sunday, August 10, 2008

Interview: Hawass on the latest discoveries and activities in Egypt

guardians.net

Many thanks to Fred Sierevogel for sending me the link to this recent inverview with Zahi Hawass (28th July 2008). The interview was conducted by Andrew Bayuk with the assistance of Whitney Bayuk. The website above is the official website of Hawass. The interview is stuffed full of very useful information.

My 7th Interview with Dr. Hawass, conducted on 28 July 2008, took place again at his office at the Supreme Council of Antiquities in Zamalek. We started out with some catching up:

Andrew: Hi Zahi. It seems like lots of exciting things have been happening in Egypt since we last spoke. Tell me something new and exciting.

Zahi: At Saqqara we have just found a pyramid of a queen, she was one of the queen’s of King Teti but we didn’t announce this formally yet. We also found other tombs that we haven’t yet announced at Saqqara.

At the Valley of the Kings, we are excavating now, we found the entrances of 2 tombs, KV 64 and KV 65 and in October we will start the excavation.

Andrew: Do you believe that one of these tombs belonged to Ramesses VIII?

Zahi: Yes, the one between Merneptah and Ramesses II could be the Tomb of Ramesses VIII.

Andrew: What about the (undiscovered) Tomb of Amenhotep I?

Zahi: Amenhotep I should be at Deir El Bahri because they found evidence there of the beginning of a temple, we believe that this tomb should be located behind the temple. The temple was built after that. But in the Valley of the Kings should be Queen Nefertiti, Thutmose II, Ramesses VIII and all the queens of Dynasty 18, they were not buried in the Valley of the Queens because the Valley of the Queens was started in Dynasty 19, and therefore we are open to finding anything.

Andrew: Its very exciting what you’ve done in the Valley of the Kings, with the new improvements, it looks beautiful.

Zahi: You like the valley? We have these big changes everywhere.

There are also big things happening at the Unfinished Obelisk in Aswan, Edfu, Kom Ombo. At Kom Ombo, when you arrive you see the temple from the water, when you exit the temple now we have a museum opened just this week, called the Crocodile Museum. This museum is telling the story about the crocodiles. And we have (improvements at) Dendera. And at Saqqara you saw we have these big changes, did you go to the museum? Did you see the cafeteria? Behind we have storage for antiquities, big things.

We are restoring the Step Pyramid, the Serapeum, the South Tomb. Big things. At Giza you saw the entrance? Now they have security, x-rays, clean bathrooms, we are making these improvements all over Egypt.


See the above page for the full interview.

Update: Pyramid Texts Online

Talking Pyramids

The Pyramid Texts Online website has had a major update with the addition of the Library, a reading room where you can sit down and relax with an old classic flicking through the pages on-screen thanks to the Internet Archive’s Flip Book. Due to the antique age of most of these books it is best to use something more current for study purposes but these old books are an enjoyable look back at the past thoughts and reasoning of earlier writers.

See the above page for more details and click on the image to link to the Pyramid Texts Online site.

Mrs. Mubarak to open Mohammad Ali's jewellery museum

Culture Minister Farouk Hosni said that Mrs. Suzanne Mubarak will open in October the Royal Jewelry Museum in the coastal city of Alexandria.

He said that the museum will showcase a wide array of masterpieces of necklaces, medals and diamonds belonging to Ottoman Mohammed Ali, whose family ruled Egypt for 147 years starting from 1805.

It will also display breathtaking tools, coins and pots, he said.

“The restoration of the museum's showroom took three years and cost LE 50 million,” said Culture Minister Farouk Hosni.

Dr. Zahi Hawwas, the Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, said the museum would display a host of rare jewels of Mohammed Ali's family.

“Those jewels were seized by the Army after of the 1952 Revolution,” said Hawwas.

Egyptomania: Indiana

indy.com

The White River is not the Nile, nor is Indianapolis comparable to ancient Thebes or Memphis.

But look closely at the Hoosier capital and you just might see a reigning pharaoh, a resting sphinx or a streaking Saluki, which was a fast hunting dog in ancient Egypt.

Not in the flesh, of course, but in the tall columns on either side of the stage in the Egyptian Room at the Murat Temple, or in the plaster castings inside the Architects and Builders Building on Pennsylvania Street.

Or in the stepped-back, ziggurat-style upper level of the Circle Tower on Monument Circle.

Simply put, there is more Egyptian-influenced architecture and design in the city than you might have realized. Most of it dates back to the 1920s, after the discovery of King Tutankhamen's intact tomb in Egypt.

Drop the Mummy

Reporter's Notebook blog

This is a bit of an odd one. Thanks to Rhio for sending it over. The above site is a blog post which reports on an article which was published by Manal el-Jesri in Egypt Today in January 2005 . I may well have posted it in the past, but I thought that it might have a curiosity value for some people who were not visiting my blog in those days:

DR. ZAHI HAWASS, Egypt’s most publicized Egyptologist and the secretary general of the Supreme Council for Antiquities (SCA), is renowned for the number of controversies he can stir. Brushing the controversies aside as nuisances “begun by backward people who are jealous,” as he told Egypt Today, Dr. Hawass keeps on working regardless of any setbacks.

Last month, in the midst of the controversy around the removal of King Tut-Ankh-Amon’s mummy from its resting place in Luxor, Hawass went to the Bahareya Oasis. Egyptians and Brits watched a live coverage transmitted by the television cameras of both countries as Hawass, holding his axe, opened a newly discovered tomb. “We had made a number of discoveries here years ago, but in 2002, I had decided to stop all work. We had found 234 mummies, which is quite enough. The Valley [of the Golden Mummies] is huge, and encompasses around 10,000 mummies. It is Egypt’s biggest burial area, and was used by Egyptians from all classes. I believe mummies should remain underground. But then I decided to start work again,” Hawass says.

Opening seven tombs that had already been pillaged in Roman times, Hawass and his entourage were hoping to discover something about the lives of average Egyptians from ancient times. “We had x-ray machines, through which we discovered that three of the mummies we studied had died of chronic headache. Many of the people had injuries on their arms and legs. A seven-year-old boy we found was wearing a golden cobra on his forehead to protect him in the next life. The people here had died at a young age, and the reason was probably the water, which we found to be too rich in iron,” Hawass explains.

A website set up by retired archeology professor Dr. Nasr Eskandar tries to belittle the importance of the Valley of the Golden Mummies, explaining that the importance of the mummification processes in the area is minimal. “This is ridiculous of course,” Hawass says. “This area was one of the richest in the country. They made the greatest date wine, which was exported to Rome and France. It is also the hugest burial area discovered so far, which means that it can give us complete information about the lifestyle of the time,” he points out.

Ahmed Saleh, the director of SCA’s Abu Simbel antiquities department watched with the rest of the world as Hawass made his discoveries in Bahareya on December 13th, 2004. “That was a real joke. How can a scientist hold an axe and just hack at a tomb on air? All scientists know that a lot of processes should precede the opening of a tomb. If you just hack away at it you lose important historical evidence. I am sad that this is what Egyptology has come to,” Saleh says.

With a masters degree in biomedical and forensic studies in Egyptology from Manchester, Saleh is one of the first Egyptians to specialize in the field.



It goes on - see the above page for the full story.

Talking about the Duiker

Tetrapod Zoology

Thanks to Rhio Barnhart for the link to this article, which is a fascinating insight into the duiker, but also mentions its possible presence in Egypt.

Duikers, or cephalophines, are an entirely African group of bovids, and so far as we know they have never gotten out of Africa. Virtually nothing is known of their early history: there's a partial maxilla and a molar from the Miocene, and a few Pliocene and Pleistocene records, some of which are of extant species. The Miocene molar is interesting as it's from northern Africa, where no duikers occur today. However, Manlius (2001) suggested that an animal depicted in a 4th dynasty hunting scene (dating to c. 2561-2459 BC) at Atet's tomb in Meidum, Egypt, is a Jentink's duiker C. jentinki, and proposed on the basis of this that an isolated population of this species might have persisted in Egypt until at least this time. Flores (2001) pointed out that duiker bones were identified from an Egyptian tomb in 1948, perhaps providing support for this idea. Given the present range of C. jentinki (Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast), a purported presence in ancient Egypt is very difficult to believe, but maybe these discoveries do show that duikers did occur north of the Sahara until recently.

Apologies for the Rotherhithe Bridge post

Apologies to anyone who read yesterday's fascinsating post about a proposed pedestrian bridge spanning the Thames from Rotherhithe. Wrong blog! I had four of blogs and one website on the go yesterday morning and became somewhat confused. It's only amazing that I haven't done it before.

Daily Photo: Jewellery from the Petrie


UC1006. Complete blue faience ring. Openwork bezel: udjat-eye. Late Eighteenth Century. Found at Amarna.




UC1040. Yellow faience ring bezel, with inlaid blue and red. cf UC 1871. Late 18th Dynasty. Found at Amarna.




UC10803. String of beads; shell glazed composition green black porphyry pendant. Naqada I period. Possibly from Hu.




UC11264. Ring, black obsidian, broken in half, inscribed: wsrt.sn ir.n.f m




UC11535. Hollow gold bead inscribed two cartouched between uraei.Sebekhotep II, found at Harageh.


Copyright: Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology,
University College London
With my thanks

Saturday, August 09, 2008

More re DNA testing to be carried out on fetuses

National Geographic (Andrew Bossone)

The young Tut, who reigned from 1336 to 1337 B.C., is controversially thought to be the son of Pharaoh Akhenaten and his wife Kiya. But some archaeologists believe he could be the son of Akhenaten's other wife, the powerful Queen Nefertiti.

"The fetuses will help us determine whether [King Tut's wife and daughter of Nefertiti] Ankhesenamun was a half sister or a full sister," said Zahi Hawass, secretary general of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities.

"If the fetus DNA matches King Tut's DNA and Ankhesenamun['s DNA], then they shared the same mother."

The testing will also reveal whether the fetuses are offspring of Ankhesenamun and Tut.

Scientists caution, however, that they will probably not establish a direct link between the fetuses and Tut because such genetic matches are extremely difficult to prove.

Additionally, mummies of fetuses found in a tomb are not necessarily the children of the buried pharaoh.

"I personally feel they are not the sons of Tutankhamun," said Hawass, who is also a National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence. (The National Geographic Society owns National Geographic News.)

"I think they are children put in the tomb to be reborn in the afterlife."

DNA tests are more accurate when comparing a mother to a child, because women pass on several traces of DNA—called mitochondrial DNA—to their offspring.

Ushabti arrive home

Al Ahram Weekly (Nevine El-Aref)

The Egyptian Museum in Tahrir Square played host this week to a funerary statuette of a woman named Hener. The statuette, which has been in the Netherlands, will be restored and put on display as a special exhibit.

The statuette story began at the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden in 2006 when a Dutch collector, who had bought the ushabti from an antiquities auction room, showed it to experts and curators of the museum to check its authenticity and historical value. Shortly after examining it the curators identified the ushabti as one of a group of six unearthed inside the tomb of Iurudef, excavated at Saqqara in 1985 by archaeologists from Leiden and published in 1991. Iurudef was the Scribe of the Treasury of Amun and Scribe of the God's Offerings during the reign of Ramses II. He seems to have acted as the latter's private secretary, and may even have been responsible for the construction of Tia's tomb in Saqqara. This would explain the fact that Iurudef is not only represented in a number of places in the tomb but even had his own burial-shaft within the precinct of his master. If we add that Iurudef may have been the tutor of Ramose, the famous scribe of the village of Deir Al-Medina, he becomes a fascinating figure in his own right.


See the above page for the full story.

Book reviews on Minerva Magazine online

Minerva Magazine

All reviews by Peter A. Clayton:

People of Ancient Egypt / Charlotte Booth

Lives of the Ancient Egyptians / Toby Wilkinson

The Tomb in Ancient Egypt: Royal and Private Sepulchres from the Early Dynastic Period to the Romans / Aidan Dodson, and Salima Ikram.

The Painted Tomb-Chapel of Nebamun. Masterpieces of Ancient Egyptian Art in the British Museum. / Richard Parkinson

Who Owns Antiquity? Museums and the Battle Over Our Ancient Heritage / James Cuno

Exhibition: Renaissance in Pharaonic Egypt

Caboodle, Hungary

The last golden age of Egyptian pharaohs will be presented at an exhibition in Budapest's Museum of Fine Arts entitled Renaissance in Pharaonic Egypt between August 8 and November 9, the museum's director said on Thursday.

The exhibition will feature 150 objects, including the 4,500-year-old Palermo Stone, a life-size statue of Ramses II and a mummy from the Roman age. The exhibition was shown in Ljubljana in the first half of the year and has been expanded for display in Budapest.

"Two-thirds of the 150 objects on display arrived from abroad, including such world-famous museums as the Louvre in Paris, the British Museum in London, the Kunsthistorische Museum in Vienna and collections in Florence, Rome and Zagreb, with the remaining 50 works on loan by Hungarian institutions," Laszlo Baan said.

Faiyum portraits

nunc stans

My daily photo slot yesterday showed five of the Hawara portraits from the Faiyum. Quite coincidentally I stumbled across this blog which has a You Tube video showing some more of the Faiyum portraits. The video simply shows a large number of the portraits, moving from one to the next without any sound or comment. Lovely.

Islamic buildings to be renovated in Rosetta

Egypt State Information Service

Minister of Culture Farouk Hosni said that the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) is done renovating monuments in the city of Rosetta at a total cost of LE 40 million.

SCA Secretary General Zahi Hawwas said that Rosetta's only museum was renewed as part of the project.

Ten old houses were also tackled in the first phase, which started in 2002, Hawwas said, adding that the SCA is now studying how to turn these buildings into cultural centers.

Rosetta boasts a unique Islamic architecture that can be a museum for Muslim buildings, the SCA official said.

papyri.info demo website (in development)

What's New in Papyrology

papyri.info is dedicated to the study of ancient papyrological documents. It offers links to papyrological resources and a customized search engine (called the Papyrological Navigator) capable of retrieving information from multiple related sites.


See the above page for more.

KMT Summer 2008 - Volume 19, Number 2

KMT Magazine

Marianne Eaton-Krauss discusses “Seats of Power: The Thrones of Tutankhamen.”

“The Animal Mummies of Abu Rawash” are examined by Salima Ikram & Alain Charron.

Peter Lacovara reports on a new exhibition at the Michael C. Carlos Museum,

“Lost Kingdoms of the Nile,” Nubian Treasures from the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

“Spaces Between: The Role of Streets in Ancient Egypt” is investigated by Robert E. Hughes

Earl L. Ertman explores “Finger Rings in Ancient Egypt: Their Function & Absence in Artistic Representation.”

And Dylan Bickerstaffe tells all about “Death in the Nile: The Birth of Egypt’s Last God.”

PLUS regular columns “Nile Currents” & “For the Record,” as well as book reviews of Antony and Cleopatra: A Novel” by Colleen McCullough; Red Land, Black Land by Barbara Mertz; Behind the Mask: Meeting the Real Tutankhamun by Charlotte Booth; The Painted Tomb-Chapel of Nebamun by Richard Parkinson; The Tomb in Ancient Egypt by Aidan Dodson & Salima Ikram; Egyptologoy Today edited by Richard H. Wilkinson; & King Tutankhamun: The Treasures of the Tomb by Zahi Hawass, with the photography of Sandro Vannini


Las Vegas exhibit to be relevant to children

Review Journal (John Przybys)

What do a Southern Nevada schoolkid and a youngster growing up in Egypt circa 1300 B.C. have in common?

More than you might think, and putting it into perspective will be the focus of an interactive exhibit being planned for the Las Vegas Natural History Museum.

The Tomb & Museum of King Tutankhamen at Luxor shut its doors in June as part of a hotel-wide thematic revamp. Luxor donated the items formerly housed in the exhibit -- more than 500 of them, each a replica of an actual artifact -- to the museum.

Now, the museum is raising money to mount a new exhibit featuring the former Luxor replicas. Marilyn Gillespie, the museum's executive director, said the goal will be to create an interactive space that helps to make Egypt and its culture relevant to children who live in Las Vegas.

"We want to be able to make connections for them, that this is a wonderful culture that was in the desert and, guess what, we live in the desert, too," Gillespie said.

"There will be connections of the reliance on the Nile to this culture, and how important the Nile was for food and transportation and water and irrigation. Then, we also want to bring in about how, today, we are still very reliant on water, and that the original settlers of Las Vegas even came to this spot because there was water here."

The exhibit will expand beyond the Tut artifacts to include what life was like for ordinary young people during the pharaoh's time.

See the above page for the full story.

Expedition Magazine, Volume 50, Number 2

Expedition Magazine, UPenn

The Summer issue includes:

The Rebirth of the Sun-Mortuary Art and Architecture in the Royal Tombs of New Kingdom Egypt by Joshua Roberson (

However, this is not available online

Daily Photo - Late 18th Dynasty at the Petrie

UC011. Trialpiece: head of a queen (Nefertiti) wearing a tall crown; limestone; head faces right, chiefly in ink, but lips already cut out. Amarna Period.



UC101. Inlay of head; yellow quartzite; king or queen. Traces of paint. The profile carving is carried around the front edge. Head is shaped for addition of a separate crown. Amarna Period



UC12320. Ring, silver, inscribed Nb-m3't-R Pth mr. Reign of Amenhotep III


UC14380. Fragment of fluted sandstone column with cartouches of King Amenhotep III, the 2 columns of hieroglyphs, the second almost erased. Reign of Amenhotep III



UC051. Inscribed limestone fragment: vertical cartouche of Akhenaten and traces of another cartouche. Amarna Period

Copyright: Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology,
University College London
With my thanks




Friday, August 08, 2008

Rest in peace, Seti

Al Ahram Weekly (Nevine El-Aref)

Thanks to Rhio Barnhart for the early alert to this article.

On the western side of the Nile, on the edge of the low desert, the ancient Upper Egyptian town of Abydos spreads on a site of over eight square kilometres. The atmosphere is agreeable, embracing magnificent monuments within a great natural environment.

As the city sacred to god Osiris where, according to legend, his head is buried, and coupled with the ancient Egyptian belief that the horizon west of Abydos was the gateway to the afterlife, Abydos was a favoured burial place for ancient Egyptians who wished to be buried near their legendary ancestor. Hence many cult structures were dedicated to Osiris and vast cemetery fields were developed there, incorporating not only the regional population but non-local people who also chose to build tombs and commemorative monuments in Abydos.

During the prehistoric and early dynastic periods, Abydos was a satellite funerary centre for the nome capital of Thinis, which is now located in the vicinity of the modern town of Gerga of Balliana on the edge of the Nile. The significance of the city then exceeded a provincial burial centre to become the burial place of the first kings of the first and second dynasties. Later on, during the Old and Middle Kingdoms, Abydos evolved into a religious centre of great importance.

The most outstanding monuments at Abydos are the Second-Dynasty funerary enclosure of King Khasekhemwi, the Kom Al-Sultan enclosure wall which was the location of the early town and the main temple dedicated to the god Osiris, and the two New Kingdom temples of Pharaoh Seti I, founder of the 19th Dynasty, and his son Ramses II. The greater part of the site remains concealed beneath the sand, a fact recognised in the Arabic name of the modern town, Al-Araba Al-Madfuna, or "the buried Araba".

The most famous of all the monuments is the well- preserved temple of Seti I, which has some of the finest reliefs of any period to be found in the Nile Valley. It has seven separate sanctuaries, dedicated to Seti I himself and to Osiris, Isis, Horus, Amun, Mut and Khonsu. Their entrances are delicately carved in bas-relief, and they still retain their original colour.

This is the temple which contains a Kings' List, a roll of gods and kings engraved in royal cartouches. More than 70 Pharaohs preceded Seti I, starting with Mena, founder of the First Dynasty. For political reasons the names of the monotheist Pharaoh Akhenaten and Queen Hatshepsut were not included in the list.

See the above page for the full story.

Secrets of the Grave

Al Ahram Weekly (Nevine El-Aref)

With photo:

n 1922, among the shrines and chests piled in the treasury room of Tutankhamun's tomb, the bodies of two prematurely born babies were discovered inside an undecorated wooden chest, writes Nevine El-Aref

The lid was originally tied into position and fixed with a seal showing a jackal with nine captives. In the box were two miniature anthropoid coffins, one 49.5 centimetres long, the other 57.7, placed side by side, head to foot.

The two coffins were painted with black resin relieved by gilded bands of inscriptions that referred to each occupant simply as "the Osiris", with no other names specified. The lids were attached to the coffin bases in the normal manner, using eight flat wooden tenons. Bands of linen were then tied around the coffins beneath the chin and around the waist and ankles, and each was again given a clay seal with the impression of a jackal and nine captives.

After the linen bands and the lids were removed second coffins were discovered, the entire surface of each covered in gold foil. Within these second coffins were the mummified remains of two babies.

In 1932 autopsies were performed, revealing that the mummies were of fetuses, one born four months, the other two months, prematurely.

Now the mummies are to be re-examined.

Mark Vygus - Dictionary of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs

http://www.egypt.cd2.com/html/dictionary.html

A member of the GlyphStudy group, Mark Vygus, offered the latest version of his Ancient Egyptian Dictionary for us to download in csv or PDF formats. I asked him if he would mind if I posted the PDF version of the dictionary on a web page so that others could view it online and he gave me the go-ahead.

There are 602 pages of it, with 17,300 entries. Some Late Period words and spellings are now included. This is a super and amazing resource - quite remarkable. Sincere thanks to Mark for being so generous for sharing this exceptional piece of work.

You will need broadband for it to load speedily - it is a big file and probably not suitable for dial-up unless you have time on your hands.

All the PDF functionality works as you would expect, and to get the best out of it change the page view to 100%.

There's a better version of it at:
http://renfield.physics.utah.edu/wiki/images/d/d1/Pdf_dictionary.pdf

More re recent discoveries at Abydos

Tass (Geoffrey Tassie) posted this comment in reply to one of the recent posts re Abydos and I thought it well worth promoting to a post in its own right in case anyone had missed it:

This seems to be another report on the work of two young Egyptian inspectors working at Abydos. They gave a lecture on their finds at Origins 3. There seems to be a group of probably Dynasty I tombs that are overlaen and cut into by later tombs, the exact date of these later tombs is not clear although Late Antique was mentioned. I talked to these guys and they are really nice, trained by the BMP. The large mud-brick lined chambered tombs of Dynasty I are not royal, and neither are the later ones. Neither can we assume that they belong to the people who built the tombs of the Early Dynastic kings buried at Abydos. However, more will come out about this find as it is a rescue excavation (like many in Egypt) as they are threatened by the nearby village spreading, in fact tombs are probably under the football pitch of the village, which is not quite Old Trafford or the San Siro and wouldn't really matter if it was moved elsewhere. I hope this helps as these news stories have been very confusing on this matter.

The challenges facing post-renovation Gammaliya

Al Ahram Weekly (Mahmoud Bakr)

THE GAMMALIYA district in Cairo has been undergoing intense renovation plans since 1999. Standing behind the project is the Friends of the Environment and Development Association (FEDA) that worked together with the Cairo governorate, the Awqaf Ministry and the Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs, the Industrial Training Council, in addition to a number of international agencies, to renovate and rebuild three buildings in Old Cairo. The funding of the project was handled by the Egyptian Swiss Development Fund.

The problem, however, with Gammaliya's post-renovation is that it requires constantly developing health and environmental consciousness with emphasis on schools and women since this area is surrounded by 18 schools.

According to Adli Beshai, founder and head of FEDA, during the past nine years the association has thrust Gammaliya into the limelight and managed to upgrade the physical condition of Kahla Wekala which is now used as FEDA's Centre for Workshops and Handicrafts Training. Kharoub Wekala currently houses a computer centre, health unit and the Naguib Mahfouz Auditorium. The nearby Al-Rabae Wekala focuses on repair and maintenance of electrical and electronic appliances.

Beshai believes it is imperative that the community participate in sustainable human and economic development. In 2005, the local NGO Sustainable Development Association for Gammaliya was registered to help further enrol the residents in the process of preserving the area. For this, five specialised committees were formed from community members: health and environment, youth and education, women and gender, workshops and handicrafts, and infrastructure.

See the above page for more.

A potted history of milk

Bristol University

Today has been another day for pushing the boundaries of the blog into borderline off-topic areas. But if you are interested in the Egyptian prehistoric period you cannot avoid farming and its development, and this post may therefore be of interest to you - even though the word Egypt isn't mentioned even once! Cattle, goats and sheep were the first domesticates in Egypt (domesticated plants came later), and of course milk was one of the most important products that they produced. That's my argument for including this topic, and I'm sticking to it! :-)

Humans were processing cattle milk in pottery vessels more than two thousand years earlier than previously thought, according to new research from the University of Bristol.

In work published online in Nature this week, Professor Richard Evershed and colleagues describe how the analysis of more than 2,200 pottery vessels from southeastern Europe, Anatolia and the Levant extends the early history of milk by two millennia to the seventh millennium BC.

Vessels most likely to have been used for food preparation were selected to test where milk use started, and whether the use of milk products first began in the region where farming was pioneered – the Fertile Crescent – or whether it was an innovation of other regions.

Organic residues preserved in the pottery suggest that even before 6,500 BC milk was processed and stored, although this varied regionally depending on the farming techniques used.

Cattle, sheep and goats were familiar domesticated animals by the eighth millennium BC but until now, the first clear evidence for milk use was the late fifth millennium.

This research not only extends the history, but shows that milking was particularly important in areas that were more favourable to cattle compared to other regions where sheep and goats were more common.

Professor Evershed said: “Our results provide new insights into the emergence of dairying as a component of the domestication of animals. They take the early history of milk use back to the seventh millennium BC, early in the evolution of animal domestication and pottery production and use.

“Processing milk would have had two important advantages, providing a means of storing surplus milk as products, that is cheese, ghee, and so on, making them available throughout the year, and providing a solution for any problems of lactose intolerance; most lactose intolerant people have fewer problems with consuming processed milk products.

“The regional differences we found are also significant, suggesting that early farming was not a fixed package but developed in different ways in different areas, probably in response to different environmental conditions and to the different cultural choices of early farmers.”


Request for lecture notes from Origins 3 - Investigations at HK6

Massimo Izzo, a Masters student from Pisa (under Dr. Marilina Betrò) has asked me if I took lecture notes for Renee Friedman's lecture Origins of Monumental Architecture: Investigations at Hierakonpolis HK6 in 2008.

Sadly I wasn't there (I was working at Bloomsbury) but I wondered if someone else could help out? I promise not to publish them on the blog but will just to forward them to Max!

Thanks
Andie

Conference: Ritual Dynamics and the Science of Ritual

Rituals 2008

Another slightly oblique conference topic, Egyptologically speaking. It has relevance to Egypt because religion and its expression in various forms, including ritual, are inescapable in Egyptology. It looks as though the conference has some an interesting mixture of offerings (no pun intended).

Aim of the conference

The Collaborative Research Centre "Ritual Dynamics" (SFB 619 "Ritualdynamik") was set up in 2002 as an interdisciplinary centre to research the dynamics of ritual. It is the world's largest research centre dedicated solely to investigating these issues, with over 90 scientists and researchers working in seventeen sub-projects. Our focus is on the (re)invention of rituals, transfer and change - which we see as the rule not the exception. Through questions such as: "Who invents rituals and why?" "When and why do rituals die?" "How variable are rituals and how do new media affect old rituals?" new avenues have been opened up, such as research into inter-cultural ritual transfer, ritual agency, and the connections between rituals and new media.

It is now time to develop collaborative models to research rituals at an international level. We thus invite scholars worldwide to come, discuss, and expand our results, and to explore new approaches such as ritual economics, ritual design, and scientific rituals.


Daily Photo - Hawara mummy portraits (Petrie Museum)

The mummy portraits are lovely. It is almost impossible not to fall for them when you are face to face with the real thing, even if the Graeco-Roman period isn't really your field. Unlike the Pharaonic mummy masks these really make you feel that you could almost reach out and have a conversation with the person shown in the portrait. You can click on the small image to see a larger photo or go to the Petrie website (address below) to see more.


UC19607. Encaustic wax mummy portrait of male youth in brown toga painted on thin wood panel. Roman period. Hawara

UC33971. Wax encaustic portriat on wooden panel of young man with short, dark hair in rows of curls across forehead; skin pigment cream and patchy pink, lips deeper pink, eyes dark brown and white, haze of dark curly beard around chin; neck long and thick. Roman period. Hawara.

UC19613. Encaustic wax mummy portrait of head and shoulders of dark haired young man, clean shaven, facing left, wearing gold fillet; on thin wooden panel. Roman period. Hawara.

UC19612. Encaustic wax mummy portrait of hair and shoulders of dark curly-haired young man with slight beard and moustache, face left, wearing gold fillet, pink toga and white scarf; on thin wooden panel. See also UC.38060 for this sight no. Roman period. Hawara.

UC30088. Wax portrait on wood of woman, with short black curly hair, wearing silvered glass or coral and gold pendant earrings; and two strings of beads- one of amethyst or garnet and beryl, with gold; and the other of silvered glass or coral and gold. Roman period. Hawara.




If these appeal to you, you may be interested in the book Living Images, by Janet Picton, Stephen Quirke and Paul C. Roberts. Click here for more information.


Copyright: Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology,
University College London
With my thanks

Thursday, August 07, 2008

Egypt to DNA-test 2 fetuses from King Tut's tomb

You would have to have fallen off the face of the web to have missed this story. Kat has sent me ten links (for which huge thanks), EEF covered it in a "breaking news" post yesterday, and lots of other people have emailed me with the story. It is one of those odd stories that the media have decided will appeal to a wide readership. I think that the following stories pretty much cover all the main points made in all of the articles available:

International Herald Tribune

Egyptian scientists are carrying out DNA tests on two mummified fetuses found in the tomb of King Tutankhamun to determine whether they are the young pharaoh's offspring, Egyptian antiquity authorities said Wednesday.

The two tiny female fetuses, between five to seven months in gestational age, were found in the King Tut's tomb in Luxor when the tomb was disovered by Howard Carter in 1922.

DNA samples from the fetuses "will be compared to each other, along with those of the mummy of King Tutankhamun," the head of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, Zahi Hawass, said in a statement.

The testing is part of a wider program to test the DNA of hundreds of mummies to determine their identities and their family relations, and Hawass said the program could help determine Tutankhamun's family lineage, which has long been a source of mystery among Egyptologists.

The identity of Tut's parents is not firmly known. Many experts believe he is the son of Akhenaten, the 18th Dynasty pharaoh who tried to introduce monotheism to ancient Egypt, and one of Akhenaten's queens, Kiya. But others have suggested he was the son of a lesser known pharaoh who followed Akhenaten. . . .

The council said that if the tiny mummies are unrelated to Tut, they may have been placed in his tomb to allow him to "live as a newborn in the afterlife."

Ashraf Selim, a radiologist and member of the Egyptian team, said the tests could take several months. So far, the team has carried out CT scans on the two fetuses and taken samples for DNA tests.

"We want to find out the truth and facts relevant to the history of these kings," Selim told The Associated Press.

Since they were found in King Tut's tomb, the mummified fetuses were kept in storage at the Cairo School of Medicine and were never publicly displayed or studied, Selim said.


Associated Press


Hawass has announced ambitious plans for DNA tests on Egyptian mummies, including all royal mummies and the nearly two dozen unidentified ones stored in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. He has said the tests may show that some royal mummies on display are not who archaeologists thought them to be.

There is some secrecy surrounding Egypt's DNA testing of mummies. Hawass has long rejected such testing by foreign experts, and only recently allowed it on condition the tests be done exclusively by Egyptians.

He has never disclosed the full outcome of the examinations of the mummy of Hatshepsut, Egypt's most powerful queen and the only female pharaoh. Nor has he submitted the results for a test by second lab, as it is a common practice. This has raised concerns about the validity of the Egyptian results.

Last year, Egypt announced that archaeologists had identified the mummy of Hatshepsut. But scientists later said they were still analyzing DNA from the bald, 3,500-year-old mummy to try to back up the claim.


Egypt Daily Star New

(With photograph)

The fetuses were found in 1922 in the tomb in Luxor and have since been stored at Cairo University. They are widely believed to be King Tut’s stillborn children.

The tests will be carried out in collaboration with Cairo University’s Faculty of Medicine under the leadership of Dr Ashraf Selim, head of Cairo Scan.

Selim together with Dr Yehia Zakaria of the National Research Center have carried out CT scans of the two fetuses and took samples to make the DNA tests.

The council quotes in a statement Egypt’s Antiquities chief Zahi Hawass as saying the test will also try to determine the fetuses’ mother as well as Tutankhamun’s family lineage, a mystery that has baffled Egyptologists for years.

Scholars believe that at the age of 12, Tutankhamun married his half-sister, Ankhesenamun — the third daughter of Pharaoh Akhenaten by his wife Nefertiti. He died under mysterious circumstances around the age of 19 and left no children.

Hawass said the tests will also help in identifying the mummy of Queen Nefertiti.


Reuters

The DNA tests and computerised tomography (CT) scans, to be performed at Cairo University, should be finished by December, Hawass said.

Egypt has been trying to check the identity of all its royal mummies using DNA and CT scans. Tutankhamun's was one of the first mummies to be examined with the technology in 2005.

PR-Inside

Abdel-Halim Nour el-Deen, a former head of the council and a leading Egyptologist said DNA testing on mummies thousands of years old is very difficult. «It is doubtful that it could produce a scientific result to determine such important issues such as the linage of pharaohs,» el-Deen told the AP. El-Deen also criticized the Council for not making public the results of the tests already carried out. «We haven't seen any of their results,» he said. «Such announcements are good for publicity ... They sell well in the media.


Truer words!


See the above pages for the full stories.

Interview with Dr Salima Ikram

American Chronicle (interview by Saqqara Aleister)

Dr. Salima Ikram is a leading expert on animal mummies and as founder and co-director of the animal Mummy project at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo she combines an understanding of the past with a passion for preserving the future and has brought the little known world of animal mummies to light.

Dr. Ikram is also a professor of Egyptology at The American University in Cairo, a grantee of the National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration as well as an international guest speaker.

A specialist in zooarchaeology, mummification, daily life in ancient Egypt, tomb decoration and ancient foods Dr. Ikram has been involved in various research projects throughout Egypt such as, The Theban Mapping Project along with a variety of books, being a consultant Egyptologist at Giza, Saqqara, Abu Sir, Valley of the Kings and her latest project, being Co-Director of the North Kharga Oasis Survey.

Saqqara Aleister: What new things are you working on in Egypt?

Salima Ikram: I have been working in Kharga Oasis and we have found evidence for human occupation dating to C. 20,000 BC if not earlier. We have campsites, places where tools were made, jewellery (ostrich egg beads in particular) production centers, and rock art. We also have evidence for activity in the remote areas of the Western Desert during the pharaonic period in the form of inscriptions and camp sites. Obviously there was more trade and exploration from the Southwestern sides of the country than one might have expected.

Also, in the Valley of the Kings I work with Otto Schaden at KV63, a 'tomb' that is really an embalming cache, and also with Donald Ryan on a group of tombs dating to the 18th dynasty. One of these tombs might have been the final resting place of Hatshepsut.

How eco is ecotourism?

Egypt Daily Star News

Siwa is a case in point for this discussion, and is mentioned in the following article:

Whether that might be deluding yourself into believing that the business phone-call will have miraculously been made by the time you get back, that somehow the sea-air will cure that mysterious ailment you’ve been suffering recently, or that the hot waiter you met on a beach in Sharm will sweep you off your feet and whisk you away to his private island.

But the biggest delusion of all, according to some, is that of “ecotourism,” the neologistic cross-cultural genie delivering precarious wishes of “sustainability,” “authentic experiences,” “community commitment” and “green practices.”

In 2002, the same year declared “The year of Ecotourism” by the United Nations, British professor Rosaleen Duffy, called ecotourism to the dock with her book “A Trip Too Far.” According to Duffy, ecotourism is nothing more than a self-indulgent by-product of neo-liberalist consumer culture at its most hypocritical.

In a forthcoming book, “Nature Inbound: Conservation in a Neoliberal Age,” she and her colleagues write: “Although ecotourism is often presented as significantly ‘different’ from mass tourism, it is far from unproblematic.

This is because it exists in a context of global neoliberalism, is part of it and entirely compatible with it.”

Others have conjured up an impressive array of counter-buzzwords, such as ego-tourism, deco-tourism and green-washing, all conveying the elitist sport they perceive ecotourism to be. Some have even discerningly pointed out the relationship between luxury ecotourism and colonialism.

These accusations are critical, since they not only point to the misuse of the term itself, but preclude the viability of any reconciliation between ecological sustainability and tourism.

Education, a fundamental principle of ecotourism, seems the only way forward. And that can only come through direct experience. “You can’t fight something by being extreme,” says Alaa Taher, geologist, nature photographer and manager of eco-travel company, InVision. “What needs to be done is to educate people, and raise the awareness level by showing people how beautiful these places are so they can protect them.”

Let's all have tickets to the universal museum

Times Online (Ben Macintyre)

The visitors pouring through the doors of the British Museum represent the triumph of an idea born in the white intellectual heat of the Enlightenment - as valuable today as it was 250 years ago when the museum first opened, but now under attack, despite its fabulous success, as never before.

The British Museum is the greatest universal museum in the world. On my first visit there, as a teenager, I remember feeling physically overwhelmed by the sheer scale and variety of the artefacts, art and ideas on display: Mesopotamian relics, Roman statuary, pharaonic carvings, Viking burial treasures.

I wandered, blinking, from room to room. The museum was not trying to tell me something; it seemed to be offering to tell me everything.

That, of course, is why six million people visited the museum last year, from all over the world, free. We flock to the blockbuster exhibitions; but we also come to explore, to fall into unexpected conversations with distant, ancient, foreign peoples.

Bottom of Form

And that, of course, was exactly what the museum's creators imagined when it was founded by Act of Parliament in 1753: a great cornucopia of different civilisations, an encyclopaedic storehouse of universal knowledge, displaying the great cultures side by side, with equal veneration, to enlighten not just an elite, but the world.

That simple, brilliant idea is now under assault from the concept of “cultural property”, part of a worldwide struggle over ownership of the past. In the past half-century, but gathering pace in recent years, so-called “source countries” have successfully begun to reclaim and repatriate artefacts from museums around the world.

The governments of Italy, Greece, Egypt, China, Cambodia and other geographical homes of ancient civilisations argue that antiquities in foreign museums are national property, vital components of national identity that should be returned “home” as a matter of moral urgency.

Zahi Hawass, of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities, insists that objects from Ancient Egypt are “icons of our Egyptian identity [that] should be in the Motherland”. The Greek Government is even more blunt: “Whatever is Greek, wherever in the world, we want back.” Some of the great museums around the world have returned disputed items of questionable provenance. The pressure to surrender the Elgin Marbles grows ever more intense. Some 68 artefacts, including the magnificent 6th-century mixing vessel known as the Euphronios krater, have now been returned to Italy from American museums. Italy displayed the retrieved artefacts at a self-congratulatory exhibition entitled Nostoi, Greek for “homecomings”.


See the above page for the full story.

International conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology

ICONEA

I've added this because it is slightly unusual and I don't think that it has been covered on EEF yet. There's at least one lecture which involves ancient Egypt.

There's no introduction to this conference on the above website (or at least I couldn't find one) but the programme should tell you what you need to know. It is a bizarre website - menu options keep vanishing.

The International conference of Near Eastern Archaeomusicology is to be held at The British Museum, Stevenson Lecture Theatre
Department of the Middle East
Great Russell Street London WC1B 3DG
December 4, 5 and 6, 2008

Egyptomania: Sand sculptures and mummy trails

Harborough Mail

It is nice that this occasion has been turned into something of an educational event for the local children. Market Harborough is in Leicestershire, UK.

GET YOUR buckets and spades at the ready – a huge sandpit is coming to Harborough town centre as part of an Egyptian-themed event.

The Square will be transformed into a sandy beach for the day on Wednesday, complete with deckchairs and an ice-cream van.

It is the fourth year running the free event has been held with previous years seeing dinosaurs and pirates descending on Harborough.

This summer's theme is Egyptian and will include an Egyptian colouring competition, a chance to learn hieroglyphics, create an Egyptian mask, listen to stories and follow a 'mummy' street trail around the town's businesses.


See the above page for the full story.

Daily Photo - Painted wooden panels in the Petrie


UC16311. Painted wood - head and shoulders of man with hieroglyph inscription 'keeper of the house of Jehuti-Hetep'. 18th Dynasty.



UC55138. Fragment of wood, plastered and painted in red and green on yellow background, varnished, being part of the floral collar motif on a coffin lid exterior surface. A relief solar disc in yellow-green is visible at the bottom edge. Patches of blue pigment . 21st Dynasty.



UC7924. Wooden panel with group of papyrus incised and inlayed with red and blue. Marked: 60 (paper label). 18th Dynasty.



UC55139. Wood square from a coffin (?) with flat top and bottom edges, angled lateral edges, from one of which two pegs protrude. Upper side painted with white background, yellow rectangular borders with red rectangle along top, and a schematic bird hieroglyph. Late Period?


Copyright: Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology,
University College London

With my thanks

Wednesday, August 06, 2008

Is the mummy of Cleopatra buried in Paris?

Egypt Then and Now (translation by Ben Morales-Correa)

Given that Hawass is currently looking for her in Egypt I don't suppose that this particular theory will be terribly popular in some quarters.

The following is a translation of La momia de Cleopatra se esconde en París by Ramón Llanas for lavanguardia.es

Cleopatra VII, the great Cleopatra, the big nose of geopolitical power, is in Paris. It is a matter of justice, because what would be better for a woman like her? Specifically, she is buried in the gardens of the National Library of France, at its old headquarters of the Rue Vivienne, near the Louvre and the Palais Royal. That is what Juan Angel Torti, former Chilean journalist and possibly the most elegant retiree in Paris, has been sustaining for years. This former reporter for Agence France-Presse, whose headquarters is a stone’s throw from where the Egyptian queen supposedly lies, looks forward to the moment when archaeologists reach access to the end of the 120 meters long tunnel at the temple of Tabusiris Magna, 50 kilometers from Alexandria, where the sarcophagi of Cleopatra and Marco Antonio are allegedly located. That is expected to happen later this year, as announced by the Egyptian authorities. But Torti is certain they are in for a big disappointment: “The tomb of Cleopatra is empty.”


See the above page for the full story.

Demotic Egyptian

Egyptian Demotic

The chronologically penultimate variety of the Egyptian language is known as Demotic. Demotic is the most cursive script developed by the Egyptians. This stage of the language has, in many ways, connections to the preceding stage, Late Egyptian, and its successor, Coptic. Despite these affinities, demotic is a complete separated stage of ancient Egyptian language.

The Practical Guide to the Grammar of Egyptian Demotic is a learning tool for those who wants to start the study of the late stage ancient Egyptian language in a highly cursive script known as Demotic. In use from ca. 650 B.C. until the middle of the fifth century A.D., Demotic served as the medium for a wide variety of text types. These include texts such as business and legal documents, private letters and administrative inscriptions, and literary texts, including not only narrative texts and pieces of wisdom literature, but also religious and magical texts and scientific texts dealing with topics such as astronomy, mathematics, and medicine. Demotic texts thus not only provide important witnesses for the development of ancient Egyptian linguistic and paleographical traditions but also constitute an indispensable source for reconstructing the social, political, and cultural life of ancient Egypt during a fascinating period of its history. Once you finish the entire book, you will have a great foundation to read, translate and understand, with the help of a dictionnairy and much effort, all those texts and get into the life and culture of late Ancient Egyptians.

This publication in an online version is offered as a series of PDF files.


Travel: The fantastic chaos of Cairo

e-T