Monday, February 18, 2008

Display of ancient mummies disrespectful?

BBC News

Thanks very much to Chris Townsend for bringing this piece to my attention (together with several other articles mentioned in today's posts). It looks at the somewhat disturbing idea (and prospect) of removing ancient Egyptian mummies from display in Manchester Museum if the display of the mummies should be deemed disrespectful.

Manchester Museum could remove its display of ancient Egyptian mummies, if people decide it is disrespectful.

Museum bosses are debating the ethics of showing human remains as part of the Egyptology collection and want to hear public opinion on the issue.

The consultation comes as the museum prepares to show Lindow Man, an Iron Age man found in a Cheshire peat bog.

It also follows controversy stirred up by the arrival of the Body Worlds 4 exhibition at another city museum.

The Gunther Von Hagens display at the Museum of Science and Industry drew criticism from the Bishop of Manchester.

The bishop's belief that the human body should be treated with more respect sparked the debate at Manchester Museum.

Bosses have been consulting academics and other groups on the issues surrounding exhibits including human remains and whether they should be on display in museums.

It means the museum's Egyptology collection, which contains a number of mummified bodies, could be redisplayed or, if people feel strongly enough, removed.


There is a video to accompany the piece on the above page (Museum visitors' views on the mummies), or at the following URL:
http://tinyurl.com/ysuec6

Personally, I believe that it is a great shame when well meaning organizational pressure leads to the artificial sanitization of the way in which we perceive past societies and their cultural output, particularly as regards the exhibits that museums can and cannot have on display. The way in which people behaved in the past does not always mesh with our own present day ideas and tabus, but it is unhelpful and counter productive to "protect" the public from the reality of the past. Doing so merely prevents us from gaining insights into an important part of the cultural spectrum of a given society. The treatment of death by past socieities is an important way of understanding how life was perceived, and it is completely artificial to conceal the physical expression of belief and ideas. Museums are supposed to inform, not disguise.

I do agree that museums have a responsibility to display mummies (and other forms of human remains) in ways which are designed to inform, involve and interest, rather than to sensationalise - which is why there was some negative reaction to the fanfare approach to laying bare Tutankhamun's naked face to visitors at his tomb in Luxor. But I don't believe that anyone could suggest that UK museums are sensationalising our mummies, and it offends me to sugggest that mummies should be withdrawn from display when they form such an important archaeological dataset.

With Body Works matters are probably somewhat different - it seems to me that the main aim there was to create a reaction to the dead form of the body via a highly sensationalist approach. Take it or leave it, people can always vote with their feet.

In the end, I suppose it comes down to a great extent to how we define "disrespectful". If museums have to start imposing modern western ideas of respect on past archaeological objects and sites we are potentially going to be in for a few costly and contraversial changes.


4 comments:

Anonymous said...

And of course it means the human remains would still be available to view by academics, government officials and those deemed 'special' enough while the great majority of the public will be denied. It's offensive to think that I might not be able to see Manchester's mummies but they would gladly open the cupboard doors if a Hollywood actor expressed an interest. The remains might be of a specific ethnic group, such as ancient Egyptian mummies, but their legacy is a global one.

Anonymous said...

I wonder if Manchester Museum might also suggest that they might return Egyptian human remains. This is not out of the question. However, would the Egyptian government actually want mummies to be returned? Surely pharaonic human remains are not viewed in the same light as Egyptians of the Islamic faith. I seriously doubt they would want mummies, but then again I'm not Egyptian. We already know the head of the SCA has jotted down a with list of artefacts he wishes to be returned to Egypt. Mummies do not feature on this list. But I guess the Manchester Museum management doesn't know this/doesn't care. Would do others think?

Anonymous said...

"...I don't believe that anyone could suggest that UK museums are sensationalising our mummies, and it offends me to sugggest that mummies should be withdrawn from display when they form such an important archaeological dataset..."

This leads to a couple of interesting points.

1) What do you actually mean by OUR mummies? Do they belong to you? If not, who do they belong to?

2)A dataset is present whether or not an item is on display.

3 I have heard the museum is using this as part of a consultation process on how to sensitively display dead bodies. Have you been to see the Lindow Man exhibtion there?

Andie said...

Hello there.

Yes, I did go a bit off the rails on that one. I could have phrased my concerns in a rather more temperate and rational fashion - and I could have expressed myself more clearly.

In answer to your questions:

1) When I said "our" I meant the general public - people who don't have priveledged access to the behind the scenes world, or who learn from exhibits on an ad hoc basis when they visit. Mummies have always led to people asking questions. Children love them. It is interesting when you talk to archaeologists to find how many say that their professional interest started as a result childhood visits to museums.

2)I agree - but if you remove items from display then for the great majority of people you remove them from the public experience. You reduce what they can gain from a visit to the museum. I've spent many happy hours at the British Museum learning about animals in Old Kingdom tomb scenes, for example. As I lurk habitually in the Neolithic I might not have become aware of the richness of Old Kingdom animal depictions if, for whatever reason, this class of exhibit had been retained in storage.

3) I so agree that the sensitive display of dead bodies is important. I was at the Royal Mummy exhibit in the Cairo Museum recently, and found it somewhat distressing. Reactions to it differ considerably, but I felt that a great deal of indignity had been inflicted upon the dead, all lined up in undifferentiated rows. I think that it could have been done in a much better and informative way, with some respect for those who make up the exhibit.

I don't think that the answer is to pull mummies from display because I believe that people gain a huge amount of insight into ancient civilizations by seeing as many components of those civilizations as possible. How the Egyptians treated their dead is an important part of how they viewed life.

No, I haven't seen the Lindow Man exhibit. I did see him when he visited us at my University under lab conditions many years ago. I was supposed to attend CRE in Manchester a couple of months back but it didn't happen - hopefully I will make it up there in the not too distant future. I shall look him up.

I hope that this has clarified things a little.

Sad that your comment was anonymous - it is always nice to know with whom one is talking, particularly when questions are posed. You can email me if you would prefer not to have a conversation in a public forum. andie@easynet.co.uk.

Cheers
Andie